VOCA Needs Assessment Gaps Analysis Nevada Division of Child and Family Services

VOCA Needs Assessment Gaps Analysis Nevada Division of Child and Family Services May 2017 Strategic Progress, LLC Prepared by: Strategic Progress, LLC Authored by: Dr. M. Alexis Kennedy, Dr. Emily Trosynski and Tereza Trejbalova Analyze. Innovate. Evolve.  Table of Contents Table of Contents ..........................................................................................................................................................ii List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................................v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................. vi 1. Introduction and Purpose....................................................................................................................................1 The Costs of Crime...................................................................................................................................................1 The Victims of Crime Act (VOCA).....................................................................................................................3 A Nevada Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................4 2. VOCA Regulations ....................................................................................................................................................6 VOCA Compliance and Regulations.................................................................................................................6 VOCA Federal Regulations...................................................................................................................................8 VOCA Regulations for Nevada............................................................................................................................9 Nevada VOCA Distributions for Agency Grants.................................................................................10 National Best Practices for VOCA Programs, Services and Resources and Systems............10 A. Crisis Response............................................................................................................................................12 B. Information and Referrals......................................................................................................................13 C. Case Management.......................................................................................................................................13 D. Legal Advocacy ............................................................................................................................................15 E. Mental Health Services.............................................................................................................................16 F. Outreach .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 National Best Practices for Data Collection and Reporting for VOCA .........................................16 3. Population Dynamics ..........................................................................................................................................22 Nevada Geographic and Demographic Data ............................................................................................22 Nevada VOCA Agency Grant Applications.................................................................................................27 Victims of Crime in Nevada..............................................................................................................................27 1. Domestic Violence in Nevada................................................................................................................28 2. Sexual Assault in Nevada .......................................................................................................................31 3. Child Abuse in Nevada..............................................................................................................................33 4. Assault in Nevada........................................................................................................................................36 5. Murder in Nevada.......................................................................................................................................38 6. Deaths Due to Driving Under the Influence in Nevada.............................................................40 7. Robbery in Nevada.....................................................................................................................................41 ii 8. Elder Abuse in Nevada .............................................................................................................................42 9. Human Trafficking in Nevada ...............................................................................................................45 10. Hate Crimes in Nevada ..........................................................................................................................46 4. Gaps Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................... 48 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................48 GAPS Analysis Discussion.................................................................................................................................59 Underserved Populations .................................................................................................................................60 A. People with Disabilities...........................................................................................................................60 b. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA) Community.......................................................................................................................................................... 61 c. Minor Victims of Human Trafficking..................................................................................................62 d. Tribal Communities ...................................................................................................................................63 e. Elderly...............................................................................................................................................................64 f. Immigrants......................................................................................................................................................65 g. Homeless .........................................................................................................................................................65 5. Nevada VOCA SWOT Analysis.........................................................................................................................67 Strengths ................................................................................................................................................................... 68 1. Nevada’s goals largely match national priorities ........................................................................68 2. Multiple task forces working on these issues ...............................................................................68 3. Statewide snapshot of victimization in Nevada ...........................................................................68 4. State leadership with capacity to start change.............................................................................69 5. Resources currently available throughout the state..................................................................69 Weaknesses .............................................................................................................................................................70 1. VOCA fund distribution does not match the victimization patterns in Nevada............70 2. Accessibility of services ...........................................................................................................................70 3. Trauma-informed practices...................................................................................................................73 4. Underserved populations .......................................................................................................................75 5. Cultural competence and sensitivity .................................................................................................76 6. Agency self-assessment ...........................................................................................................................76 Opportunities.......................................................................................................................................................... 77 1. Effective partnerships ..............................................................................................................................77 2. Survey of service providers and victims.........................................................................................77 3. Updated resource list................................................................................................................................78 Threats ....................................................................................................................................................................... 79 iii 1. Lack of data on outcomes for policy development.....................................................................79 2. Lack of statewide strategic plan ..........................................................................................................80 3. No strategies for identifying and removing barriers for underserved .............................80 4. Competitive nature of funding in Nevada .......................................................................................81 6. Nevada Data Collection and Reporting Recommendations..............................................................83 Nevada Data.............................................................................................................................................................83 Recommended Methodology for Data Collection and Reporting ..................................................85 Recommendation 1: Set new data goals ...............................................................................................86 Recommendation 2: Regularly survey victims of crime ...............................................................87 Recommendation 3: Create a standardized intake for victims with improved screening tools ........................................................................................................................................................................ 88 7. Policy Recommendations..................................................................................................................................90 Recommendation 4. Increase outreach to victims................................................................................90 Recommendation 5. Use technology to improve victims’ access to information and services ......................................................................................................................................................................91 Recommendation 6. Create training programs for all service providers..................................91 Recommendation 7. Nevada must develop and enact a statewide strategic plan for transforming victim services ..........................................................................................................................93 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................................... 95 About the Authors .....................................................................................................................................................97 References ..................................................................................................................................................................... 99 Appendix A. Changes to VOCA .......................................................................................................................... 104 Appendix B – Primary Service Providers for Nevada Victims...........................................................108 Appendix C – Additional Providers Who May Serve Victims.............................................................145 Appendix D - Additional Organizations that Applied for VOCA Funding in FY 2017............. 157 Appendix E. Example of Marsy’s Card – California.................................................................................158 iv List of Figures Figure 1. Victim Service Categories...................................................................................................................12 Figure 2. Counties in the State of Nevada.......................................................................................................22 Figure 3. Percentage of Nevada’s Population in Clark, Washoe, and Balance of Counties.....23 Figure 4. Nevada Population by Age.................................................................................................................25 Figure 5. Nevada Population by Gender .........................................................................................................25 Figure 6. Nevada Population by Race...............................................................................................................26 Figure 7. Nevada Population by Race for Clark, Washoe, and Balance of Counties...................26 Figure 8. Nevada Applications Assigned by Office Location, FY 2006 though FY 2016 ..........27 Figure 9. Count of Victims in Nevada by Crime Type in 2012..............................................................28 Figure 10. Domestic Violence Incidents in 2015 in Nevada, by Race ...............................................30 Figure 11. Domestic Violence Incidents in 2015 in Nevada, by County..........................................30 Figure 12. Domestic Violence Incidents in 2015 in Nevada, by County, .........................................31 Figure 13. Rape Rates in Nevada (per 100,000).........................................................................................32 Figure 14. Rape Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 100,000).........................................................32 Figure 15. Forcible Rape Counts in Nevada, by County...........................................................................33 Figure 16. Child Abuse Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 1,000)................................................34 Figure 17. Child Abuse Counts in Nevada, by Abuse Type.....................................................................35 Figure 18. Child Abuse Count Trends in Nevada, by Abuse Type.......................................................35 Figure 19. Child Abuse Count in Nevada, by Year ...................................................................................... 36 Figure 20. Aggravated Assault Rates in Nevada (per 100,000), .........................................................37 Figure 21. Aggravated Assault Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 100,000) ..........................37 Figure 22. Aggravated Assault Count in Nevada, by County.................................................................38 Figure 23. Murder Rates in Nevada and National Nationally (per 100,000)................................39 Figure 24. Murder and Manslaughter Count in Nevada, by County ..................................................40 Figure 25. Deaths in DUI Crashes in Nevada, by County.........................................................................40 Figure 26. Robbery Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 100,000) .......................................................41 Figure 27. Robbery Count in Nevada ...............................................................................................................42 Figure 28. Violence Victimization Rates Nationally, for Two Age Groups (per 1,000)............43 Figure 29. Elder Abuse Count in Nevada, by Type for FY2016............................................................44 Figure 30. Elder Abuse Count in Nevada, by County ................................................................................44 Figure 31. Ethnicity of Human Trafficking Victims in Clark County in 2015................................45 Figure 32. Hate Crime Count in Nevada..........................................................................................................46 Figure 33. LGBTQIA Crimes Count in Nevada..............................................................................................47 Figure 34. Assessing Services for Victims in Nevada................................................................................48 Figure 35. Types of Victim Services in Nevada............................................................................................49 Figure 36. The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences ....................................................................60 Figure 37. Pressures Facing Providers............................................................................................................82 v List of Tables Table 1. Nevada Population by County ...........................................................................................................24 Table 2. Agencies Currently Providing Victim Services, by Service Focus and County ...........50 Table 3. Services Provided to Victims Statewide .......................................................................................50 Table 4. Services Provided to Victims in Carson City...............................................................................51 Table 5. Services Provided to Victims in Churchill County....................................................................51 Table 6. Services Provided to Victims in Clark County............................................................................51 Table 7. Services Provided to Victims in Douglas County......................................................................53 Table 8. Services Provided to Victims in Elko County..............................................................................53 Table 9. Services Provided to Victims in Esmeralda and Eureka Counties....................................54 Table 10. Services Provided to Victims in Humboldt County...............................................................54 Table 11. Services Provided to Victims in Lander County .....................................................................54 Table 12. Services Provided to Victims in Lincoln County ....................................................................54 Table 13. Services Provided to Victims in Lyon County..........................................................................54 Table 14. Services Provided to Victims in Mineral County....................................................................55 Table 15. Services Provided to Victims in Nye County............................................................................55 Table 16. Services Provided to Victims in Pershing County .................................................................55 Table 17. Services Provided to Victims in Storey County ......................................................................55 Table 18. Services Provided to Victims in Washoe County ...................................................................55 Table 19. Services Provided to Victims in White Pine County.............................................................57 Table 20. Services Provided to Victims, by County and by System vs. Community...................57 Table 21. Agencies Currently Providing Victim Services and 2017 VOCA Grant Applications, by County.......................................................................................................................................................................58 vi 1. Introduction and Purpose In 2014, official statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) reported that there were an estimated 5.4 million violent victimizations and 15.3 million property victimizations (Truman & Langton, 2015). These most recently available statistics were similar to the prior year’s numbers. This means that for every 1,000 persons, 20.1 will be a victim of crime in a year. It is important to note that these figures are official data collected by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and only represent arrests for crimes. Many more individuals are victims of crimes and do not report (e.g., domestic violence, sexual assault, and interpersonal crimes) while others report the crime, yet an arrest is never made (e.g., larceny, theft, and property crimes). The costs of crime can be evaluated at the individual, community, and national levels. For example, in the year 2007, the United States had more than 23 million criminal offenses resulting in approximately $15 billion in economic losses to crime victims and $179 billion in governmental expenditures (e.g., law enforcement/police services, judicial, advocate, and legal activities, and corrections) (U.S. Department of Justice [DOJ], 2004, 2007, 2008). The Costs of Crime Past research on the costs of crime divide “costs” into four areas: 1. Victim costs including direct economic losses suffered by the crime victim (e.g., medical, lost earnings, and property loss/damage). 2. Criminal justice system (CJS) costs such as local, state, and federal funds spent on police, legal services, and corrections. 3. Crime career costs which focuses on the criminal’s choice to engage in illegal activities in lieu of legal pursuits. 1 4. Intangible costs associated with indirect losses suffered by crime victims (e.g., pain and suffering, emotional and psychological suffering, and an overall decrease in quality of life). Assessing the costs of crime across these areas presents a holistic picture of the reality and consequences of crime within the United States (McCollister, French, & Fang, 2010). For the purposes of this report, this introduction will focus only on crime costs to victims, including intangibles. In order to help victims of crimes with these costs, the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) was passed in 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601 (d)). Under this Act, VOCA funds administered by the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) within the Office of Justice Programs, DOJ, are distributed to states and are used to help support a wide array of victim services. Crime victims served under VOCA funds include child physical and sexual abuse, adults molested as children, adult sexual abuse, domestic violence, elder abuse, assaults, homicides, robberies, and Driving Under the Influence (DUI)/Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) crashes. During FY 2014, total crime victims served (for the aforementioned categories) was 3,539,627 with domestic violence victims (1,617,874) making up the most served population (Derene, 2016).1 Some of the best available research on the costs of crime suggests that experiences of violence and abuse constitute up to 37.5% of total health care costs, or roughly $750 billion (Dolezal, McCollum, & Callahan, 2009). Research on domestic violence and intimate partner violence suggests that annually, millions of individuals – mostly women - experience this act of violence. Costs associated with domestic violence include more than $8.3 billion annually (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2003; Max et al., 2004). Found to be the most common cause of injury for women ages 18 to 44, domestic violence also leads to chronic health issues: Abused women are 70% more likely to have heart disease; 80% more likely to experience a stroke; and 60% more likely to develop asthma (CDC, 2 1 Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) Crime Victims Fund, Briefing Background 2017 (http://www.navaa.org/budget/17/VOCA_Backgrounder%202017.pdf).  2003). In addition, each year, an estimated 8 million days of paid work is lost because of domestic violence (CDC, 2003). Furthermore, research has confirmed that sexual violence is perpetrated against women and men, children, and the elderly, but that young women are the most frequent victims. For example, the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) found that the highest rates of sexual violence occurs amongst young females between the ages of 12 and 34 and that the rate of sexual assaults of girls and women is four times the rate for boys and men (Truman & Rand, 2010). However, research on the costs of sexual assault and rape notes that these experiences of violence are the most costly of all crimes with total estimated costs at around $127 billion annually. In fact, in 2008, research on sexual violence estimated that each rape costs approximately $151,423 (DeLisi, 2010). These figures, however, exclude the costs associated with child sexual abuse. Based on a review of studies completed on child sexual abuse survivors, they also experience negative impacts on educational attainment, later work and/or job performance, as well as future earnings (Anda et al., 2004; MacMillian, 2000). For example, MacMillian (2000) notes that childhood sexual violence survivors experience reduced income in adulthood with an approximate lifetime income loss estimated at $241,600. Based on these facts and figures, there is a clear need for victim services at the local level. Such services have the opportunity to help alleviate the costs, pain, and suffering, as well as the many collateral consequences and intangible costs crime victims’ experience. VOCA, signed in to law in 1984, was a federal attempt to improve support and treatment of victims of crime. During this time, there was a perception that states level programs and services for victims were lacking and/or inadequate. The DOJ began reworking current victim compensation programs, and VOCA was passed by Congress and signed in to law by President Reagan. The Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) 3 This Act serves as the central source of federal support for direct services to victims of crime. Administered at the local level through the OVC, grants are awarded to each state (including the District of Columbia and U.S. Territories). VOCA money is derived from the Crime Victims Fund (CVF), a special fund maintained through criminal fines, forfeited bail bonds, penalties, private funding donations, and special assessments of federal court systems. Therefore, VOCA grants are funded via CVF and not from taxpayers’ money. The CVF established guidelines and mechanisms for federal fund distribution and instituted state discretionary power to disperse those funds via subgrants to organizations that provide direct services to victims of crime. However, there are some stipulations. For example, 30% of the yearly CVF must be dispersed to victims of sexual violence, domestic violence, and child abuse in equal parts. Additionally, 10% of funds must be used for “previously underserved” populations who have been victims of other violent crimes or property crimes in the particular state receiving funds. “Previously underserved” populations are identified on a state-by-state basis. Nevada, for instance, currently identifies the elderly, those in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA)2 community, and men as “previously underserved” victim populations. Each state has a designated VOCA assistance agency to administer VOCA grants. Federal funds are distributed to state victims-compensation programs in two ways: 1) to the state- level program directly, or 2) to the governor of the state who has discretion to disperse funds as they see fit using the federal guidelines. Additionally, VOCA funds are distributed to states to support two types of programs: crime victim compensation programs and victim assistance programs. This report takes a comprehensive look at crime in Nevada with specific emphasis on victim assistance programs administered by the Nevada Division of Child and Family Services (DCFS). Considering that victim compensation in Nevada is not administered by 2 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual are gender non-conforming identified individuals/groups that also experience violence. A Nevada Analysis 4 Nevada DCFS, information specifically related to victim compensation was not included in this report. This report begins by introducing the costs of crime and the ideals behind supporting victims through the criminal justice process. The funding priorities and regulations of VOCA are outlined at the federal and state level, details methods for VOCA money utilization in Nevada and types of services victims’ need are described in detail.3 The context for understanding VOCA is set by describing the demographics and rates of different types of crime occurring in Nevada. A GAPS analysis follows, which considers in detail the system and community-based agencies providing supportive services to Nevada victims. The GAPS analysis includes a description of underserved victims in Nevada. These findings are considered through a Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis highlighting strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to providing services to victims in Nevada. The use of data in Nevada is discussed with recommendations for changes. This analysis ends with a discussion of themes and recommendations for transforming victim services in Nevada. 3 Some of these discussions include compensation as a part of the larger national VOCA program and Federal regulations. 5  2. VOCA Regulations In order to comply with federal terms of VOCA, states often establish separate committees and programs designed to determine which services align with the goals of VOCA, manage and disperse funds, and write compliance and financial reports. State and governor discretionary power to disperse their allocation of the Crime Victims Fund usually takes the form of “awards” or “grants,” where funding is dispersed through a competitive application process. The call for applications, generally, includes language required by VOCA to ensure that awarded funds are used for their designated purposes and not used for criminal investigations, offender treatment and rehabilitation, crime prevention efforts, or criminal justice reforms.4 VOCA Compliance and Regulations For example, common language used to communicate federal regulations around funding usage includes: The primary purpose of VOCA is to support the provision of services to victims of crime throughout the nation. According to the VOCA Program Guidelines, services are defined as those efforts that (1) respond to the emotional and physical needs of crime victims; (2) assist primary and secondary victims of crime to stabilize their lives after victimization; (3) help victims understand and participate in the criminal justice system; and (4) provide victims of crime with a measure of safety and security. For the purpose of the VOCA crime victim assistance grant program, a crime victim is a person who has suffered physical, sexual, financial, or emotional harm as a result of the commission of a crime. Funding cannot be used for the 4 Nevada Victims of Crime (VOC) website (http://voc.nv.gov/). 6  investigation of crimes, collection of evidence to further the prosecution of crimes or for prevention activities. (http://ojp.gov/ovc/voca/vaguide.htm) Recent estimates suggest that nearly 4 million victims a year are served by more than 4,000 local and state victim service agencies funded by VOCA. Since VOCA was enacted, other programs have been established and authorized by VOCA. These include: • Children’s Justice Act grants - The Children’s Justice Act receives $10 million plus 50% of the previous years’ deposits over $324 million, with a maximum award of $20 million.5 • U.S. Attorney’s victim/witness coordinators - Victim-witness coordinators in U.S. Attorney’s Offices receive funding to support 170 full-time employees.6 • F.B.I. victim assistance specialists - The FBI victim-witness coordinators receive funding to support 134 full-time employees.7 • Federal Victim Notification System - The Federal Victim Notification System receives $5 million.8 • OVC discretionary grants - OVC discretionary grants are used to fund national- level demonstration projects and training as well as technical assistance to help professionals increase their expertise of victim service providers. Five percent of the remaining balance of VOCA is allocated for OVC discretionary grants.9 • State victim assistance formula grants - State victim assistance formula grants receive 47.5% of the remaining balance plus any funds not needed to reimburse victim compensation programs.10 • Antiterrorism Emergency Reserve (AER) - Only after awarding all other funding categories listed here, amounts retained may be used to replenish the AER.11 5 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, Children’s Bureau (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/resource/childrens-justice-act). 6 United States Department of Justice, Offices of the United States Attorneys website for information about grants for U.S. Attorneys’ Offices’ Victim-Witness Programs (https://www.justice.gov/usao/priority- areas/victims-rights-services/fact-and-figures). 7 FBI victim specialist’s website (https://www.justice.gov/usao/priority-areas/victims-rights-services/fact- and-figures). 8 United States Department of Justice Criminal Division (https://www.justice.gov/criminal-vns). 9 Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime (http://ojp.gov/ovc/grants/types.html#discretionarygrants). 10 Victims of Crime Act Victim Compensation Grant Program guidelines (http://ojp.gov/ovc/voca/pdftxt/voca_guidelines2001.pdf). 11 Antiterrorism Emergency Assistance Program brochure (http://ojp.gov/ovc/pdftxt/AEAP_Brochure.pdf). 7  While the VOCA fund has had its successes, there are still too few services for rural victims, child and adolescent victims, elderly victims, disabled victims, LGBTQIA victims, and non- English speaking victims. In order to continue to expand victim resources, services, and programming, in 2015, Congress more than tripled the annual amount of non-taxpayer money released from the CVF thereby substantially increasing the VOCA cap nationally. In fact, the cap was increased to $2.361 billion thus increasing VOCA victim assistance grants by four times the previous year (National Association of VOCA Assistance Administrators [NAVAA], 2016). With this unexpected increased, states are in a prime position to make significant improvements to their victim assistance services. Based on federal regulations, the Crime Victims Fund (CVF), under VOCA, is disbursed each year as follows: VOCA Federal Regulations • The first $20 million is used for formula grants to states to improve investigation/prosecution of child abuse (as per Children’s Justice Act); • $17 million is transferred to the Department of Health and Human Services; and • $3 million is reserved by the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) for grants to Native American tribes. After these distributions, funds are then set aside for federal victim services and include victim witness coordinators in U.S. Attorneys’ offices, victim assistance staff in FBI offices, and the Federal Victim Notification System (Derene, 2016). Then, after these allocations are made, amounts remaining are dispersed as such: • 5% to OVC discretionary grants for training and technical assistance and to services for victims of Federal crimes; • 47.5% available for state crime victim compensation grants within each state; and • 47.5% available for state victim assistance grants plus any amount not used for state crime victim compensation grants. 8 After the aforementioned allocations, up to 5% of amounts remaining in the CVF may then be used to replenish the AER.12 These funds are available to assist victims of international and domestic terrorism and/or mass violence. Proposed federal regulations amending VOCA were discussed throughout 2013 and passed during FY 2014. Because of this, VOCA Federal Regulations were clarified and expanded. For example, terms and definitions of crimes were changed including which types of victims constitute prior “priority” and “underserved” victim categories. Additionally, reporting requirements changed as well as monitoring of VOCA award sub-recipients and stipulations on use of VOCA funds for program evaluation purposes. For crime victims specifically, new federal regulations now allow legal assistance (e.g., civil legal service, advocacy training, and pro bono legal services), transitional housing (e.g., provision of intermediate housing to victims), relocation expenses, and costs associated with immediate safety/health and well-being to be covered under VOCA provisions. A summary of these comprehensive changes can be found in Appendix A.13 Again, these changes were proposed in 2013 and implemented in 2014. Since that time, additional changes in Federal Grant Performance Reporting now require several changes to standard forms. For example, during 2016, expanded classifications of victims served by type of victimization will undergo review. Additionally, reclassification of existing/active claims, and new demographic reporting/processing of claims will mean significant changes to forms and system processing overall. In order to offer support for local victim-relatead programs, all states receive Federal VOCA funds from the Office of Victim Compensation (OVC). There are two (2) listed for Nevada: 12 The Antiterrorism Emergency Reserve includes two (2) programs for victims of terrorism and/or mass violence: 1) Antiterrorism and Emergency Assistance Program (AEAP) and 2) The International Terrorism Victim Expense Reimbursement Program (ITVERP). 13 Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime (http://www.ovc.gov/pdftxt/VictimAssistanceProgramRegulations.pdf). 9 VOCA Regulations for Nevada  1) OVC Victim Assistance for Nevada14 and 2) OVC Victim Compensation for Nevada.15, 16 Funding from the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) supports programming in nonprofit and public agencies that provide direct services to victims of crime. OVC Victim Assistance for Nevada, awards Nevada agencies that provide programs to assist with all types of crime victimization including legal assistance to victims, child advocacy, sexual assault victim advocates, and other services that directly impact crime victims. In addition to these services, VOCA funds also support programs dedicated to youth, teen, and college-age victims, including programs that assist the elderly and other victim populations (e.g., male victims of domestic abuse, LGBTQIA identified victims, etc.). For FY 2016, OVC Victim Assistance for Nevada distributed VOCA funding to 46 Nevada organizations, which include organizations dedicated to helping victims of domestic violence, victims of rape and sexual abuse, victims of child abuse, as well as services that offer support for Native-identified and queer-identified victims. Additionally, local legal advocacy groups and law enforcement programs geared towards crime victims also received VOCA funds.17 14 Nevada Division of Child and Family Services (http://dcfs.nv.gov) 15 Victim compensation is listed here as an available resource in Nevada only. More detailed information and explanation of the compensation plan was not included in this report because Victim payments are not covered under DCFS. 16 Nevada Department of Administration, Victims of Crime (http://voc.nv.gov) 17 For a full list of SFY 2017 VOCA awardees/service providers access: http://dcfs.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/dcfsnvgov/content/Home/features/Victims_of_Crime_Act_Service_Provide rs(1).pdf Additionally, please also find an updated Agency Assistance List here: http://voc.nv.gov/VOC/HelpVictims/ 18 p. vi, President’s Task Force on Victims of Crime Final Report., December, 1982. Retrieved from http://ojp.gov/ovc/publications/presdntstskforcrprt/87299.pdf Nevada VOCA Distributions for Agency Grants National Best Practices for VOCA Programs, Services and Resources and Systems Since the 1982 Presidential Task Force highlighted an imbalanced criminal justice system that fails to protect victims and treats them with “institutional disinterest”18, states have been struggling to provide services and resources to those most in need of support. The most recent attempt to change the way that victims are treated comes from the Office for 10  Victims of Crime (OVC) in their 2013 report “Vision 21: Transforming Victim Services Final Report.” It follows three decades of funding work for crime victims but unfortunately highlights the same enduring system failures that were identified in 1982. Vision 21 was based on information collected by OVC and set the goal of permanently altering the way that victims of crime are treated in the United States. Based on state usage of Vision 21 to develop assessment frameworks, (e.g., California, 2015), Vision 21 recommendations will be considered in this report to analyze Nevada’s needs and gaps in victim services. The first area of concern identified in Vision 21 was the lack of research on best practices for serving victims and the inconsistency in using quantitative and qualitative data to guide program delivery. They proposed general and specific recommendations on the use of data, some of which are discussed in more detail in the National Best Practices for Data Collection and Reporting for VOCA section that follows on Page 35. The broader recommendation was that creating change for victims was hampered by the episodic stop and starts to examining and creating strategies for improving services to victims. Ongoing conversations about improving services are needed at the state and national levels. This report should spark a conversation about Nevada’s service delivery to victims but more importantly could trigger the creation of a permanent monitoring, evaluating, and strategic planning process for service delivery to victims throughout the state. To understand service delivery, the first thing to consider is the diversity in services that a victim may need to access. OVC presents a glossary or directory of types of services that victims may need. For the purposes of this report, the authors created six categories of victim services to allow an assessment of needs in Nevada19, which are presented and described in more detail in Figure 1 on the next page. 19 Directory of Crime Victim Services Glossary, Office of Victims of Crime. Retrieved September 6, 2016 from http://ovc.ncjrs.gov/findvictimservices/glossary.html 11  Figure 1. Victim Service Categories A. Crisis Response Hotline Emergency funding (money or goods) Shelter (e.g., safe house) B. Information & referrals Information and advice (in-person or by phone) Referrals for services (in- person or by phone) Assistance with filing paperwork (e.g., forms & documen- tation) C. Case Management Follow-up with victims (in-person, by phone & written) Personal advocacy (assisting clients to access other agencies) Safety planning (strategies to reduce potential victimiz- ation) D. Legal Advocacy Emergency legal help (e.g., protective orders) Court advocacy (support during the criminal justice process) Supervised visitation support E. Mental Health Services Group treament Individual Treatment F. Outreach Education Prevention A. Crisis Response Crisis hotlines These telephone support services are generally 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week to answer victims’ questions. People answering the phones are usually trained to offer counseling, guidance, and emotional support. They also provide information on services available and places to look for referrals. Different organizations have access to emergency cash funds to cover expenses related to Emergency financial assistance victimization, which may include transportation, clothes, food and emergency housing. 12 Shelters or safe houses are residential accommodations available to people in unsafe living situations. The length of stay varies by facilities. Longer-term accommodations are available to some victims through transitional housing. Some agencies are able to provide support, services, or financial assistance for relocation if the victim finds new accommodations. B. Information and Referrals Shelter / Safe house Service providers answer general questions about victimization, the legal process, and the services available for victims as well as address other concerns. They may also provide advice on what to expect and best pathways to follow as well as potential obstacles victims in similar circumstances experience. This contact may be done in-person or by telephone. Referral services connect victims with direct services available to them. They can help victims identify eligibility for services and how to contact these services. This contact may be done in-person or by telephone. C. Case Management Information and advice Referrals Follow-up contacts with victims are designed to support their access to needed services. In addition to providing referral information, this contact ideally would provide emotional support and check on a victim’s progress. Communications can take place in-person, by phone, or through written or email contact. Personal advocacy includes a broad range of supportive services to victims. Within Appendix B of the Victims Assistance Formula Grant Program (Performance Measures), the following categories are included as situations to which a service provider might accompany a victim: emergency medical care; medical forensic exams; law enforcement interviews; evidence collection exams; or meetings with employers, creditors, landlords, or Follow-up Contact Personal advocacy 13 academic institutions due to disruptions caused by victimization. Other support tracked in performance measures include assistance in applying for benefits, securing the return of personal effects, immigration assistance, child or dependent care assistance, transportation, or interpreter services. For some victims of crime (e.g., stalking or domestic violence victims), identifying guidelines or strategies to avoid further contact with offenders can potentially reduce victimization. “Safety planning” or co-creating a plan for the victim to help increase safety in the immediate and long-term could reduce the odds of physical or emotional harm. Safety Plan Within the Victims Assistance Grant Formula Grant Program performance measures, “safety planning” includes the following services: • Responding to the emotion and physical needs of crime victims; • Assisting both primary and secondary victims of crime with stabilizing their lives after a victimization occurs; • Assisting victims in understanding the process – and participating in the criminal justice system; and • Providing victims with a measure of safety and security as appropriate to their victimization. Within Appendix B of the Victims Assistance Formula Grant Program (Performance Measures), safety-planning examples include “boarding up broken windows and replacing or repairing locks.” For victims of child sexual abuse, domestic violence, and/or stalking/harassment, additional safety planning should include relocation and funds for costs of living (i.e. rent, utilities). Furthermore, formal safety planning could include the coordination with local justice- based (e.g., needs-based affordable/low-cost and/or pro bono legal services) and non- governmental victim service programs (e.g., shelter needs, assessments/referrals, victim advocates) as well as other entities that serve victim populations more broadly (e.g., mental health, counseling/therapy, emergency services, healthcare, education). Additionally, informal sources for safety planning could include victims’ personal networks (e.g., family, friends, co-workers). 14 A service and needs assessment based on two national studies (Newmark, 2006) also found that, in thinking about safety planning, service providers must be prepared to help victims with a range of needs. These include emotional and psychological recovery, assistance with tangible needs, and advocacy associated with understanding the justice system as well as other systems of service. To be clear, some crime victims will require more services and resources than others (e.g., domestic violence, sexual assault, DUI/DWI crashes). D. Legal Advocacy Emergency legal advocacy includes filing of temporary restraining orders, injunctions, and other protective orders requested by victims of domestic violence, interpersonal violence, stalking/harassment, and bullying. Additionally, emergency legal advocacy also includes help with elder abuse petitions as well as child abuse petitions. Focused primarily on civil and/or family law matters, these types of victim services do not include criminal prosecution or the employment of attorneys for nonemergency purposes such as custody disputes and civil suits.20 For the past 30 years, the victims’ rights movement has highlighted the need to support victims as they are buffeted through the criminal justice system. Meeting the holistic legal needs of victims of crime was a major focus area in the recommendations of the Office of Victims of Crime’s Vision 21 Final Report (2013). Typically, criminal justice advocacy for crime victims includes offering “support, assistance, and advocacy provided to victims at any stage of the criminal justice process, including post-sentencing services and support” (Office for Victims of Crime, 2012). Emergency legal advocacy Criminal justice advocacy For intimate partner violence or some forms of abuse, contact must continue between accused and their victims. Supervised visitation enlists a third party for observing and supporting a safe environment for contact between individuals. 15 Supervised visitation support 20 Office for Victims of Crime website (http://www.ovc.gov/library/glossary.html)  E. Mental Health Services Group treatment presents impacted individuals with a group setting that encourages self- efficacy and self-help. Additionally, this type of treatment allows for victimized individuals to share their story in a safe environment that provides support from their peers. The outcomes of a successful group treatment include development of coping mechanisms. Group treatment Victimized persons can benefit from intensive one-on-one counseling. Individual therapy serves individuals who prefer personalized contact with their therapist or are not keen on participating in a group treatment. A licensed individual, who is able to deliver appropriate services, must lead the sessions. F. Outreach Nonprofit organizations or educational institutions frequently provide educational programs on the harms of crime and emotional distress resulting from victimization. These programs generally include educational materials and presentations on specific or individualized topics. Prevention programs are designed as educational programs that are mostly aimed at children and adolescents attending school. Additionally, these programs may be offered in environments where crime or victimization has already happened and further instances need to be avoided. In practice, prevention of victimization involves interactive activities, such as guest speakers and interactive games. Individual therapy Education Prevention National Best Practices for Data Collection and Reporting for VOCA Best practices for data collection come from the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). GPRA helps federal entities prioritize reporting and create a culture where empirical data is used to play a greater role in budget and management decisions as well as policy creation. Under the GPRA, as mandated, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) is 16 required to establish strategic planning, performance planning, and reporting as a framework to communicate progress in achieving its mission: OVC is committed to enhancing the Nation’s capacity to assist crime victims and to providing leadership in changing attitudes, policies, and practices to promote justice and healing for all victims of crime. 21 Therefore, OVC uses performance measurement data to understand trends and changes that the OVC Victim of Crime Act (VOCA) Victim Assistance Formula Grant Program (“grantees”) experience. Performance measures are used to indicate which grant activities (and to what extent) meet specified goals/objectives22 including: • Supporting the provisions of direct services to crime victims; • Improving victim access to services; • Increasing victim knowledge of the criminal justice system; • Assessing the impact of funded programs using performance management data; • Providing an emphasis on evidence-based programs and practices; • Increasing partnerships with other OJP agencies that also work with crime victims; • Collecting and analyzing OVC performance management data; and • Increasing key stakeholders’ satisfaction with OVC. Specifically, program performance measures must be reported in two (2) ways: First, quantitative data, in the form of numeric responses, must be reported quarterly (every three months). Second, qualitative data via narrative responses must be submitted annually. These reports are submitted to the Grants Management System (GMS) in 21 August 2015 publication of OVC Fact Facts entitled, “Office for Victims of Crime Reports on 2013-2014 Programs and Services” for more information including Vision 21 Funds that support “capacity-building efforts” (http://www.ovc.gov/pubs/reporttonation2015/pdftxt/2015_RTN_Fast_Facts-508.pdf) 22 Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), Victim Assistance Formula Grant Program, Performance Measures as discussed in the Subgrantee Data Report (https://ovcpmt.ojp.gov/documents/2015%200929%20Victim%20Assistance_SUBGRANTEE%20Data%20R eport.pdf). 17  December of each year.23 When a grantee reports, they must report data specific to population demographics as well as direct services. Quantitative data to report specific population demographic information includes the total number of individuals who received services during the reporting period. This quantitative number should be a count of crime victims served during a single reporting period regardless of how many services they received or victimization types (i.e. physical, sexual, emotional, loss of property, etc.) presented. Due to organizational issues (e.g., staff turnover, etc.), legal restrictions (e.g., confidentiality and privacy laws that prohibit record-keeping), as well as types of services provided (e.g., anonymous hotlines), it is possible that a grantee is unable to actually track the population demographics of the crime victims they serve. Best practices, here, suggest that the grantee should still provide a count of individuals served “to the best of their knowledge” and indicate that individuals may have been undercounted or counted more than once. Additionally, agencies should also track “new” individuals that did not receive services during the previous reporting period. In order to report “underrepresented” and “prioritized” populations, as outlined in VOCA Federal regulations, grantees must also track individual self-reported race and/or ethnicity information (in addition to age of the victim at the time of the victimization and gender). Special classifications of crime victims (i.e. priority and underserved populations24) should also be reported and collected via self- 23 Reporting these two types of data started January 1, 2016 for all VOCA funded activities that were funded since October 1, 2015. The deadline for data/report submissions is 45 days after the close of the reporting period. 24 OVC Subgrantee Data Report (https://ovcpmt.ojp.gov/documents/2015%200929%20Victim%20Assistance_SUBGRANTEE%20Data%20R eport.pdf). These include deaf/hard of hearing, homeless, immigrants/refugees/asylum seekers, LGBTQ (IA is not listed), veterans, victims with disabilities (cognitive/physical/mental), victims with limited English proficiency, and “Other” (with explanation). 18 reported information. Counts of individuals who received services based on each “presenting victimization type”25 during the reporting period must also be documented. During each reporting period, information on direct services must also be reported. This includes the number of individuals who received assistance with completing a victim compensation application (and even if they did not submit the application)26. Service type, as well as the number of times each service was provided, must also document types of services provided to each victim including the total number of individuals receiving services. Here, service types include: 1) information/referral (e.g., information about CJS, victim rights, referrals to other victim services, referrals to other services including legal, medical, etc.); 2) personal advocacy (e.g., victim advocacy/accompaniment to emergency/medical care/services, forensic exams and medical evidence collection, law enforcement interviews, assistance in applying for public benefits, returns of personal property, immigration assistance, interventions with employers, landlord, academic institution, finding child care assistance and transportation assistance as well as help with interpreter services); 3) emotional support and safety services (e.g., hotline counseling, on-scene crisis response, in- person crisis intervention, therapy/counseling, emergency financial assistance); 4) shelter/housing services (e.g., emergency shelter/safe house, transitional housing, relocation assistance); and 5) criminal/civil just system assistance (e.g., case status updates, understanding court proceedings, victim impact statements, restitution, civil 25 OVC Subgrantee Data Report (https://ovcpmt.ojp.gov/documents/2015%200929%20Victim%20Assistance_SUBGRANTEE%20Data%20R eport.pdf). These include adult physical assault, adult sexual assault, adults sexually abused/assaulted as children, arson, bullying (verbal, cyber, or physical), burglary, child physical abuse or neglect, child pornography, child sexual abuse/assault, domestic and/or family violence, DUI/DWI incidents, elder abuse/neglect, hate crime (racial/religious/gender/sexual orientation, human trafficking for labor, human trafficking for sex, identity theft/fraud/financial crimes, kidnapping (noncustodial/custodial), mass violence (domestic/international), other vehicular victimization (e.g., hit and run), robbery, stalking/harassment, survivors of homicide victims, teen dating violence, terrorism (domestic/international), and “Other” (with explanation). 26 Since Nevada DCFS does not administer victim compensation programs, data sharing with administering agencies will be paramount to direct services reporting. 19 protection orders, civil legal assistance for child custody, visitation, immigration assistance with special visas, support during prosecution interviews). Current data collection efforts in Nevada for the Victims Assistance Formula Grant Program funded projects are limited to the required information for federal reporting, which can be found in ODES reports. ODES, Inc. is a national repository for the VOCA Reporting System and collects program data from service providers, sub-grantees, and state agencies. The ODES reports include standardized data points from nine substantive topic areas in addition to a tenth section of Waiting List questions. Data points collected in the nine substantive topic areas are aggregated statewide frequencies the include: 1. Volunteer Statistics 2. Number of Primary victims by Origin a. New vs carried over 3. Type of Victimization 4. Number of Primary Victims by Type of Service Provider 5. Number of Referrals Received by Source 6. Number of Primary Victims by Sex 7. Number of Referrals to other agencies 8. Number of Primary Victims by Age 9. Stalking Qualitative and narrative data to be included is derived primarily from surveys with victims, service providers, and other service entities. There are some grantees that also incorporate interviews (with victims) and focus groups (with service providers and/or advocates). In collecting this information, a grantee organization should ask open-ended questions about the quality of services received including any services that were unmet, strengths of the service provider/services victims receive, as well as any challenges experienced during the reporting year. If there were specific services that victims requested/needed but was not available, this information should also be captured 20 including the barriers faced in providing these services/resources to crime victims served. The Office of Victims of Crime27 provides examples of previously funded programs. 27 http://ojp.gov/ovc/grants/help.html 21  3. VOCA Population Dynamics Nevada is made up of 16 counties and one independent city covering an area of 109,781.18 square miles. The geography ranges from desert to mountains. The bordering states of Nevada are Arizona, California, Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. Figure 2. Counties in the State of Nevada28 28 Digital Topo Maps. www.digital-topo-maps.com Nevada Geographic and Demographic Data 22  Nevada has two metropolitan areas – Las Vegas-Paradise in Clark County, and Reno-Sparks in Washoe County. These two areas combined account for the majority of population in the state (Figure 12). The rest of the population, 11.39%, lives in rural areas. In 2015, Nevada’s total population was estimated to be 2,890,835. The estimated population has grown by 7% since the last census, as the population was 2,700,551 in 2010 (Table 1). All of the following data are population estimates as of July 1, 2015, presented by United States Census Bureau. Figure 3. Percentage of Nevada’s Population in Clark, Washoe, and Balance of Counties29 11.39% 73.15% 15.46% Washoe Clark State balance 29 United States Census Bureau, 2015 population estimates www.census.gov 23  Table 1. Nevada Population by County County Population Percentage Carson City Churchill Clark 2,114,801 73.2 Douglas 47,710 1.7 Elko 51,935 1.8 Esmeralda 829 0.03 Eureka 2,016 0.07 Humboldt 17,019 0.6 Lander 5,903 0.2 Lincoln 5,036 0.2 Lyon 52,585 1.8 Mineral 4,478 0.2 Nye 42,477 1.5 Pershing 6,634 0.2 Storey 3,987 0.1 Washoe 446,903 15.5 White Pine      9,811 0.3 Total: 2,890,845 100% 54,521           1.9% 24,200 0.8 24 Figure 4. Nevada Population by Age30 The percentages of men and women in Nevada are almost equal; hence, victim services in Nevada should accommodate needs of both male and female victims of crime. Figure 5. Nevada Population by Gender31 Nevada is a relatively homogenous state as the majority of the population is white or Caucasian; nevertheless, the issues minority individuals face in the state must be addressed as they frequently become victimized in violent, property, and hate crimes. The racial makeup for the state is presented in the following tables. 30 United States Census Bureau, 2015 population estimates www.census.gov 31 United States Census Bureau, 2015 population estimates www.census.gov 25 15% 62% 23% Persons under 18 years Persons 19-64 Persons 65 years and over Male, 50.2% Female, 49.8%  Figure 6. Nevada Population by Race32 Figure 7. Nevada Population by Race for Clark, Washoe, and Balance of Counties American Indian and Alaska Native Islander 1% 2% 4% White 76% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Two or more Asian 8% Black / African American 9% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Clark Washoe 85.1 2.6      2.2 6  0.7 3.5 Balance of Counties 89 2.1 3.4 1.5 1.1 2.9 Black / American Indian / Alaska Native Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander White 71.6 African American 11.8 1.2 Asian 10.1 0.8 Two or more races 4.4 32 United States Census Bureau, 2015 population estimates www.census.gov 26  The awards given in grant applications are presented in more detail in the GAPS Analysis section of this report. Figure 8. Nevada Applications Assigned by Office Location, FY 2006 though FY 201633 Nevada VOCA Agency Grant Applications 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Reno 0 737 783 732 847 1,012 1,040 1,197 1,156 1,227 1,274 1,575 LasVegas 1,851 1,838 1,663 1,570 1,663 1,550 1,482 1,582 1,533 1,523 1,421 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 To understand who should be served by VOCA funding in Nevada, the rates of crime occurring across the traditional categories of crime compensation34 are presented here. The first three categories of victims funded in Nevada and nationally are (1) domestic violence, (2) sexual assault, and (3) child victims of physical and sexual abuse. The next most commonly funded crime victims are (4) assault victims, (5) survivors of homicide victims, (6) impaired driving victims, and (7) robbery victims. Nevada along with other states have identified important underserved victim populations are (8) elderly victims, (9) human trafficking victims, and (10) LGBTQIA victims. 33 State of Nevada, Department of Administration, Coordinator’s Fiscal Year Report, 2016 34 Compensation data was utilized here as it was the most current and accessible crime-related VOCA data on Victims of Crime in Nevada victims. 27 The following section presents rates of crime across these ten crime categories at the state, county, and city level depending on the data available. To give a sense of scale, Figure 18 presents a graph of the number of victims in Nevada across these crimes. Counts are from 2012, the most recent year with data for all categories. Figure 9. Count of Victims in Nevada by Crime Type in 2012 5,436 Simple Assault, 14,354 Elder Abuse, 4,082 DUI, 100 Murder, 124 Aggravated Assault, 10,790 Robbery, 4,918 Child Abuse, Forcible Rape, 931 Hate Crimes, 91 Victims of domestic violence are the most commonly funded in Nevada and throughout the United States. Looking at rates, however, is often difficult as this crime is not a separate category in traditional crime statistics reported (e.g., through Uniform Crime Reports), but rather, it is a sub-type of other crimes reported. For example, domestic violence incidents may fall under homicide numbers, assault numbers, sexual assault numbers, and other reported categories. What follows is an analysis of domestic violence rates in Nevada, based on estimated incident rates from various sources. 1. Domestic Violence in Nevada 28 The Violence Policy Center attempts to track domestic violence related homicides nationally by looking at rates of women killed by men (Violence Policy Center, 2015). The most recently available analysis is based on 2014 fatalities information. Nevada ranks 3rd highest in the nation with a count of 28 female homicide victims for a rate of 1.98 domestic violent homicides per 100,000 female residents. Nevada ranks consistently in the top 10 rankings on these statistics, often holding the number 1 spot (e.g., 1996, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2009, and 2010). Among the 28 female victims in Nevada’s 2014 count, the average age of the victim was 44, 48% were killed by guns, and the race of the victims were primarily white (24/28 or 86%; 3 were African American and 1 was Asian). Figure 10 is a graphic representation of rates of homicides. The Nevada Coalition to End Domestic and Sexual Violence incidents of domestic violence in Nevada. Their 2015 report revealed that over 41,400 adults and children received domestic violence services. The race of the victims is presented in Figure 10 and largely matches the demographics of Nevada. These victims were provided with 49,500 nights of shelter. Incidents of domestic violence by county are presented in Figures 11 and 12. Homicides related to domestic violence in Nevada Other domestic violence incidents in Nevada 35 compiles statistics for 35 Formerly known as Nevada Network Against Domestic Violence 29  Figure 10. Domestic Violence Incidents in 2015 in Nevada, by Race36 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Domestic Violence Nevada Population 0 Figure 11. Domestic Violence Incidents in 2015 in Nevada, by County37 36 Nevada Coalition to End Domestic and Sexual Violence, http://www.nnadv.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/01/CY2015-stats_summary.pdf 37 Ibid 30 Clark, 29,253 Remaining Counties, 530 Washoe, 8,898 Carson, 1,691 Unknown, 730 Out of State, 311  Figure 12. Domestic Violence Incidents in 2015 in Nevada, by County38, 39 Other Counties 122 180 65 62 13 43 1 6 27 11 Another source of information is the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey. This comprehensive survey was first done by the Center for Disease Control in 2010 and remains the most recent version of this survey although updates are planned. In that report, Nevada ranked 2nd in the number of female victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner, and 17th in the number of male victims. Rape rates have been fluctuating in Nevada since the 1990’s (Figure 13); however, statewide rates tend to show a gradual decline since peaking in 1995. Reno has experienced a major increase from 2012 when the rate was 19.5 to 2013 when the rate increased to 31. In general, Figure 12 suggests that rape is a major problem in Reno, as on several occasions, Reno rates have exceeded the rates in Las Vegas-Henderson. The difference in Las Vegas-Henderson was not as significant between 2012 and 2013, but the metropolitan area also recorded a slight increase (37 to 42.2). 38 Nevada Coalition to End Domestic and Sexual Violence, http://www.nnadv.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/01/CY2015-stats_summary.pdf 39 Note: No incidents reported in Esmeralda, Eureka or White Pine counties. 31 2. Sexual Assault in Nevada  Figure 13. Rape Rates in Nevada (per 100,000)40 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Nevada Las Vegas-Henderson Reno 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Figure 14 shows that the rates of rape in Nevada are significantly higher than national rates. This pattern is consistent and enduring, and some people speculate it may be a result of the nature of adult entertainment through the state. There are no current research explanations for this unfortunate pattern. Crimes of rape appear to be decreasing over time. Figure 14. Rape Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 100,000)41 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Nevada National 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 40 SAGE stats, http://data.sagepub.com 41 UCR, www.ucrdatatool.gov 32  The Las Vegas-Henderson metropolitan area usually reports the highest numbers of rapes in the state (see Figure 15). These numbers have been showing a slight decrease since 2008. A similar trend toward decrease in the number of rapes can be seen for Reno, but the counts in other areas of Nevada have actually increased. Figure 15. Forcible Rape Counts in Nevada, by County42 1200 1000 800 Balance of State 600 Reno 400 Forcible rape count Las Vegas- 200 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Henderson Limited amounts of data exist on rates of child abuse in Nevada with no specification of the rates in individual counties and metropolitan areas. Missing data, as can be seen in Figure 16, impacts the ability to discuss trends. Nevada’s rates of child abuse appear to be lower than the national average since 2000. 42 SAGE stats, http://data.sagepub.com 3. Child Abuse in Nevada 33 Figure 16. Child Abuse Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 1,000)43 30 25 20 15 10 Child abuse rate Nevada Child abuse rate National 50 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 In order to work around the lack of data, the actual number of victims by type of crime in Nevada is presented in Figures 17 and 18. There are several inconsistencies or changes in data reporting that occurred over the past 18 years so these results should be treated with some caution44. 43 Children’s Bureau. An office of the Administration for Children & Families, www.acf.hhs.gov 44 First, Children's Bureau within the Department of Health and Human Services reported “Other” types of crime committed on children from 1999 to 2002. Due to the fact that these crimes were not specified and these reports were discontinued, this category was presented in Figures 25 and 26. Second, in 2007, Children's Bureau provided a category of “Multiple”. This category was a one-time occurrence, and did not specify the types of crimes committed. Hence, this category is also omitted from the chart. Third, for 2009 and 2010 Children's Bureau started reporting number of unique/first-time child victims; hence, the numbers of victims have lowered under this new definition. 34 Figure 17. Child Abuse Counts in Nevada, by Abuse Type45 7000 6000 5000 4000 Psychological maltreatment 3000 Medical neglect Sexual abuse 2000 1000 0 Neglect Physical abuse Figure 18. Child Abuse Count Trends in Nevada, by Abuse Type46 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 Physical abuse count Nevada Neglect count Nevada Medical neglect count Nevada Sexual abuse count Nevada Psychological maltreatment count Nevada 500 Other Multiple 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 The total number of child abuse and neglect victims in Nevada is presented in Figure 19. These numbers have been decreasing since their peak in 1996; however, recent reports have shown slight increases in 2011 and 2012, the most recent years available. 45 Children’s Bureau. An office of the Administration for Children & Families, www.acf.hhs.gov 46 Ibid 35  Figure 19. Child Abuse Count in Nevada, by Year47 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0    1994 1996 1999    2001    2003    2005    2007    2009    2011 The Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics (UCR) agency has been collecting data on aggravated assaults since the 1960s. The agency’s definition of aggravated assault is “an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault usually is accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Simple assaults are excluded.” Hence, this crime may be classified under attempted murder since it is stated that the assault is oftentimes perpetrated in order to murder or seriously harm a person. Interestingly, this specific offense is one of a few crimes that do not show a long-term decline in Nevada (Figure 20), which should redirect the focus of attention to victims of aggravated assaults in Nevada. Both metropolitan areas shape the aforementioned trend of the whole state – the rates in Las Vegas-Henderson and Reno-Sparks are highly unstable, and indicate growth since 2000. 47 Children’s Bureau. An office of the Administration for Children & Families, www.acf.hhs.gov 4. Assault in Nevada 36  Figure 20. Aggravated Assault Rates in Nevada (per 100,000)48, 49 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Nevada Las Vegas-Henderson Reno 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 The comparison of the Nevada and national aggravated assault rates provides alarming information (Figure 21). While, the national rate has been undergoing a stable decline since 1989, the rate in Nevada has not only been extremely unstable, but has also shown increases since 2000. Figure 21. Aggravated Assault Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 100,000)50 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Aggravated assault rate Nevada Aggravated assault rate - national 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 48 SAGE stats, http://data.sagepub.com 50 Note: For some years, only state level data was available 49 UCR, www.ucrdatatool.gov 37  Given the above average rates of aggravated assaults in Nevada, many individuals are affected by this crime. For example, the number of assaults in 2002 in Las Vegas was 6142, while in 2012 this number grew to 8645, which is an increase of almost 41% (Figure 22). The numbers remain high yet consistent in Reno and other areas. Figure 22. Aggravated Assault Count in Nevada, by County51 14000 12000 10000 Balance of State 8000 6000 4000 2000 Aggravated assault count Reno 0 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Aggravated assault count Las Vegas-Henderson In the past almost 30 years, murder rates in Nevada have been declining (Figure 23). Nevada experienced a short-term peak in 1996 when the state and Las Vegas-Henderson murder rates were at their highest; nevertheless, the rate has been gradually declining since then, both in the state and in the two metropolitan areas – Las Vegas-Henderson, and Reno-Sparks. In 2012 specifically, which is the last year of data collection available for the whole state through the Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics (UCR), murder rates were the lowest in the state since 1989 and in Reno since 1993. Given the data available for Las Vegas-Henderson for 2012, the murder rate of 4.8 per 100,000 people is one of the lowest rates since 1993 as well. 51 SAGE stats, http://data.sagepub.com 5. Murder in Nevada 38  Figure 23. Murder Rates in Nevada and National Nationally (per 100,000)52 16 14 12 10 Nevada murder rate National murder rate 86420 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 In comparison to national data (Figure 23), Nevada’s murder rate in 2012 was 4.5 while the national rate was 4.7 per 100,000 people, which resulted in the state’s 22nd place in the highest murder rate states. It may be noted that since 1989, there have been only two years - 1989 and 2012 - when the national murder rate was lower than the Nevada murder rate. Hence, these data suggest that even though the murder rate is declining across Nevada, the state is generally facing rates higher than the national average. Figure 24 is presented to specifically present number of victims of murder and manslaughter in the two major metropolitan areas and elsewhere in Nevada. It is apparent that while the total number of victims is decreasing, the majority of victims continue to be in Las Vegas. 52 SAGE stats, http://data.sagepub.com 39  Figure 24. Murder and Manslaughter Count in Nevada, by County53 250 200 150 100 50 0 Balance of State Reno Las Vegas-Henderson 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) is a serious issue. While it is a rural and urban issue, the nature of gaming in Nevada sees tourists and residents having easy and continuous 24/7 access to alcohol. Figure 25. Deaths in DUI Crashes in Nevada, by County54 6. Deaths Due to Driving Under the Influence in Nevada 180 160 140 120 100 Balance of State 80 60 40 20 Washoe County Clark County 0 2000     2002    2004    2006    2008    2010    2012    2014 53 SAGE stats, http://data.sagepub.com 54 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, www.nhtsa.gov 40  The data on fatal crashes caused by alcohol in Nevada show that it is a statewide concern. As of 2010, Clark and Washoe counties together accounted for 88% of the population of Nevada (US Census Bureau, 2010), yet the percentages of death counts caused by DUI in other counties in Nevada ranged from 17% to 35% in 2000-2014. This finding suggests that drunk driving deaths may be over-represented in rural counties55. These findings should be viewed with caution as the total base rate of deaths hovers around 100 so those percentages can jump significantly due to a few deaths. Robbery rates peaked in Nevada in 1994 and in Las Vegas-Henderson in 1994 and 2007. Since 2007, robbery rates have been steadily decreasing. Las Vegas-Henderson experienced its lowest robbery rate in 2011 when the rates dropped below 200 victims per 100,000, which signifies a major accomplishment for the metropolitan area. Reno’s trend showed an even more significant decline in 2013. 7. Robbery in Nevada Figure 26. Robbery Rates in Nevada and Nationally (per 100,000)56 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Robbery rate Nevada Robbery rate National 50 Even though the attempts to lower the number of robberies in the state have been successful in the recent years, Nevada still exceeds the national rates (Figure 26). The 55 The rural/urban split for this crime should be viewed with some caution as the base rate of DUI deaths hovers around 100 so percentages can jump significantly with just a few additional incidents. 56 UCR, www.ucrdatatool.gov 41  differences between Nevada and national robbery rates are striking; the only year in the past 27 years when national robbery rates exceeded rates of Nevada was 1990, and this occurrence has not yet been repeated in 2000s. These data imply that although the situation in Nevada has fundamentally improved, Nevada’s agencies must continue to work on lowering the number of victims of this violent offense. High robbery rates not only harm the residents of the state, but also may negatively influence tourists’ decisions to choose Nevada for their vacation. Based on Nevada’s above average rates, many individuals become victims of robbery in Nevada, especially in Las Vegas-Henderson (Figure 27). This main metropolitan area inherently shapes the state’s trend, as the numbers of victims are substantially lower in Reno and other areas. Figure 27. Robbery Count in Nevada57 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Balance of State Reno 0 Las Vegas-Henderson Similar to the child abuse data presented above, the data on crimes against the elderly are also extremely limited in Nevada. It is well supported in crime trend research that as age increases, exposure to crime decreases. Figure 27 presents this graphically as it shows the rate of violent victimization for two age groups (individuals between the ages of 50 and 64 57 SAGE stats, http://data.sagepub.com 8. Elder Abuse in Nevada 42  versus individuals who are 65 and older). Violence victimization of both groups has been generally declining nationally, with a trend towards increasing recently. Figure 28. Violence Victimization Rates Nationally, for Two Age Groups (per 1,000)58 30 25 20 15 10 Rate of violent victimization (age 50 to 64) 50 1990 1995 Rate of violent victimization (age 65 and more) 2000 2005 2010 2015 This data presents a partial picture of elderly victimization because it only shows rates of violent victimization. A broader definition is generally used when discussing elder abuse. In 2016, the Department of Health & Human Services – Aging and Disability Services Division in Nevada released a report on elder abuse. The total counts in Nevada for FY2016 (July 1, 2015, through June 30, 2016) by type of abuse are presented in Figure 29. This new data suggests that elder abuse, exploitation, and neglect are the most common abuse crimes in Nevada. 58 Bureau of Justice Statistics. Crimes Against Elderly, www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cae0313.pdf 43  Figure 29. Elder Abuse Count in Nevada, by Type for FY201659 1400 1200 1000 1303 1207 1278 800 600 400 200 161 10 0 Elderly abuse Elderly neglect count   count  exploitation count   count  abandonment Elderly Elderly isolation Elderly Elder abuse is most frequently seen in Clark County (see Figure 30). Given the lack of data available in Nevada, comparisons for different years could not be presented. Further research is necessary to investigate the magnitude of this problem. Figure 30. Elder Abuse Count in Nevada, by County60 2685 748 526 Clark Washoe Balance of State 59 Nevada Department of Health & Human Services, Aging & Disability Services Division, www.adsd.nv.gov 60 Ibid 44  There are three categories of human trafficking including labor trafficking; adult sex trafficking through force, fraud, or coercion; as well as Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST). DMST (e.g., commercial sexual exploitation of minors) is the most common form of trafficking seen in Nevada. DMST victims may be forced to engage in indoor and outdoor (e.g., street) prostitution but experience more intense dynamics of power and control from their captors. Children exploited through commercial sexual activity come from all races and genders (female, male, and transgendered), but female victims are most frequently identified by law enforcement and social service agencies (Kennedy & Jordan, 2014). On average, their commercial sexual exploitation starts as early as 12-14 years old (Kennedy, 2014). In Las Vegas, Nevada, 150-200 minors are arrested annually and put into the juvenile justice system for prostitution-related charges (Kennedy, 2014). Children as young as 11 are arrested and charged with prostitution despite being below the age of consent for sex (age 16); thus, these children are being criminalized for sexual activities in which they cannot consent to engage. Children are being arrested in northern Nevada as well but not in as high of numbers as in the south. Neither the state nor the federal government formally tracks the numbers of human trafficking victims. Figure 31. Ethnicity of Human Trafficking Victims in Clark County in 201561 61 Kennedy (2015) Of the 194 youth in the delinquency court for DMST victims in 2015, 1 was male. 9. Human Trafficking in Nevada 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Court Sample 64.2 Clark County 46.7 13.5 13.526.9 15.4 0 1 0.8 6.7 White     Hispanic  African American  Pacific Islander   Mixed 45 The term “hate crimes” is used as an umbrella term for offenses that were perpetrated on individuals because of their personal characteristics. UCR distinguishes between the following motivations for an offense: race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, disability, gender, and gender identity. These crimes pose a threat to the civil liberties and constitutional freedoms of American citizens. 10. Hate Crimes in Nevada The data from UCR point to the fact that in Nevada, Las Vegas-Henderson is the most affected city in connection to hate crimes (Figure 32). Las Vegas-Henderson counts again drive the state trend, while incidents in Reno and elsewhere are comparatively low. Figure 32. Hate Crime Count in Nevada62 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Balance of State Reno-Sparks Las Vegas-Henderson 0 It is important to note that the UCR does not generate rates of hate crimes by state or national level; further research is needed in the area. Crimes committed on the LGBTQIA population are considered to be hate crimes resulting from sexual orientation discrimination and gender identity discrimination. Hence, the UCR 62 UCR, Hate Crime, https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime LGBTQIA Crime in Nevada 46  unites these crimes under their definition of hate crimes as well. Hate crimes involving one’s race, religion, and sexual orientation have the most common occurrence among the categories. In Figure 33, the number of victims of LGBTQIA crimes does not follow a clear pattern in both of the major metropolitan areas and hence statewide. It must be noted that the category of crimes perpetrated because of an individual’s gender identity were only added to the UCR in 2013. However, in 2013 and 2014, no such crimes were committed in Nevada. Figure 33. LGBTQIA Crimes Count in Nevada63 30 25 20 15  Reno-Sparks 10 50 Balance of State Sexual orientation/gender identity crimes count Nevada Las Vegas-Henderson 63 UCR, Hate Crime, https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime 47 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 4. Gaps Analysis A gaps analysis is an organic tool used to explore the differences between what a system is currently doing and what it could be doing in an ‘ideal’ state. Identifying gaps can be done in different ways, and this report is the first step based on publicly available information on service providers in Nevada and our understanding of the victims of crime in Nevada. A more in-depth survey of service providers will be conducted and reported on in a different part of this overall project (i.e., second step). Similarly, identifying a true ‘ideal’ state of providing services to victims would come from a collaborative process incorporating the voices of victims, current service providers, and criminal justice agencies (i.e., future research). 3. Survey of victims needing services Services accessed Quality of services received Methodology Figure 34. Assessing Services for Victims in Nevada 1. Existing Data Analysis 2. Survey of service providers Rates of crime, estimates of victims Services offered & capacity Funding needs Unmet needs of clients Lists of service providers, types of services offered Unmet needs of clients For the purposes of this part of the report, the ‘ideal’ state is an attempt to match base rates of victims with their access to services in Nevada. Ideas and strategies for bridging 48 identified gaps will be discussed in the following section on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). Figure 35. Types of Victim Services in Nevada A. B. C. D. E. F. OUTREACH Outreach Education Prevention CRISIS INFO CASEWORK LEGAL THERAPY Crisis Response Information & referrals Case Management Legal Advocacy Mental Health Services Hotline Emergency funding Shelter Information and advice Referrals for services Assistance with filing paperwork Follow-up with victims Personal advocacy Safety planning Emergency legal help Court advocacy Supervised visitation Group Treament Individual Treatment The first part of the gaps assessment looks at victim services provided by Nevada agencies, both systems-based (e.g., law enforcement, courts, etc.) and non-systems based or community based (e.g., nonprofits, religious organizations, etc.). Services provided by both systems- and non-systems-based agencies are categorized into the six service areas (i.e., crisis services, information and referrals, case management, legal advocacy, therapy, or outreach). A summary is presented in Table 3. A summary of the types of agencies’ services is presented in Table 21 following the individual county descriptions. Appendix B in this report provides a more detailed description of the agencies, including contact information, website details, and descriptions of programs provided to victims. 49 Table 2. Agencies Currently Providing Victim Services, by Service Focus and County All Domestic Sexual Child DUI Human Trafficking 4 Elder Hate Others crimes Violence Assault Abuse Crimes State 2 11 Carson 2 2 1 1 Churchill 1 1 Clark 5 8 2 10 Douglas 1 1 Elko 1 1 Humboldt 2 1 Lander 1 Lincoln 1 Lyon 1 1 Mineral 1 11 Nye 111 Pershing 1 Storey 1 11 Washoe 8 85611 White Pine 1 Total 22 29 11 24 1 5 0 2 8 Table 3. Services Provided to Victims Statewide Statewide Alliance for Victims’ Rights Nevada Coalition to End Domestic and Sexual Violence Nevada Sexual Violence Prevention and Education Nevada Suicide Prevention Coalition Victim Notification Everyday (V.I.N.E.) (Alert Suspect Release) System or Community Community Community Victims served Type Community Community System None directly DV Outreach Outreach SA None directly Outreach Outreach Info Suspect release notices 1 2 2 5 50 Table 4. Services Provided to Victims in Carson City Carson City (54,521 people, System or Victims Type 1.9%) Community served Advocates to End Domestic Violence CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates The Office of the Nevada Attorney General Sexual Assault Response Advocates Volunteer Attorneys for Rural Nevadans (VARN) Washoe or Casework, Legal Table 5. Services Provided to Victims in Churchill County Table 6. Services Provided to Victims in Clark County Therapy Community        DV       Crisis, Info, Legal, Therapy Community      Abused     Casework children System       All victims     Info Community    SA, DV    Crisis, Info, Legal Community        DV, SA not in       Crisis, Info, Clark County Churchill (24,200 people, System or Victims      Type 0.8%) Community served CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Domestic Violence Intervention, Inc. Community Abused Casework children Community       DV     Crisis, Info, Clark (2,114,801 people, System or       Victims served     Type 73.2%) Community CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Clark County District Attorney Clark County Family Court Clark County Family Services Clark County Juvenile Justice Services City Attorney/Las Vegas Victim Witness Advocates Destiny House The Embracing Project Community         Abused children       Casework System     All victims     Info, Casework, Legal System       Abused children,     Legal DV System   Abused children    Crisis, Info, Casework, Legal System    Abused children     Info, Casework being delinquent System     DV     Legal Community  Trafficked   Casework women Community      Trafficked and Info, Casework, Abused children           Legal 51 Clark System or       Victims    Type Community served Family and Child Treatment (FACT) children, Outreach The Gay and Lesbian Community Center of Southern Nevada (The Center) Adults & Outreach Gender Justice Nevada-Queer Anti-Violence Project Adults & Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Victim Services Legal Aid Center of Southern Nevada Nevada Partnership for Homeless Youth North Las Vegas Police Department – Victim Services Purple W.I.N.G.S. The Office of the Nevada Attorney General The Rape Crisis Center of Southern Nevada Casework, Legal, Therapy, S.A.F.E. House Nevada Hotline Casework, Safe Nest Casework, Legal, Therapy, St. Jude’s Ranch for Children Salvation Army – SEEDS of Hope adults and Therapy The Shade Tree Casework, Legal, Therapy, Community Abused Therapy, DV Community     LGBTQIA    Info, Therapy, Youth Community   LGBTQIA    Crisis, Info Youth System     All victims    Info, Casework Community   Abused  Legal Children Community     At-risk    Crisis, Info youth System   All victims  Info, Casework Community    Trafficked Casework, Legal, children     Outreach System   All victims    Info Community     SA    Crisis, Info, Outreach Community   DV    Crisis, Info, Therapy Community     DV    Crisis, Info, Outreach Community   Abused Info, Casework, Children    Therapy Community      Trafficked    Info, Casework, children Community DV      Crisis, Info, Outreach 52 Clark System or       Victims    Type Community served Southern Nevada Children’s Assessment Center (SNCAC) U.S. Attorneys District of Nevada Victim Witness Assistance Advocacy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas-Jean Nidetch Women’s Center Casework University of Nevada, Las Vegas The Center for Individual, Couple and Family Counseling University of Nevada, Las Vegas The Practice University of Nevada, Las Vegas Counseling and Psychological Services victims Westcare youth Casework, Youth Advocacy Program children, Abused children Table 7. Services Provided to Victims in Douglas County System Abused Info, Casework, children Legal System     All victims    Legal Services, Counseling Community   SA, DV    Crisis, Info, Community     DV    Therapy Community   Trauma  Therapy victims Community     Trauma    Therapy Community   Adults and    Crisis, Info, Therapy Community      Trafficked     Info, Casework Douglas (47,710 people, System or Victims    Type 1.7%) Community served CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Family Support Council Table 8. Services Provided to Victims in Elko County Community        Abused    Casework children Community          All victims      Crisis, info Elko (51,935 people, 1.8%)      System or Victims       Type Community served CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Committee Against Domestic Violence Casework, Legal, Community       Abused     Casework, Legal children Community       DV      Crisis, Info, Therapy, Outreach 53 Table 9. Services Provided to Victims in Esmeralda and Eureka Counties Table 10. Services Provided to Victims in Humboldt County Community         Abused     Casework children Esmeralda (829 people, 0.03%) No service agencies in Esmeralda were found to be funded Eureka (2,016 people, 0.07%) No service agencies in Eureka were found to be funded Humboldt (17,019 people, System or Victims Type 0.6%)    Community served CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Humboldt Advocates for Victims of Abuse Winnemucca Domestic Violence Services (WDVS) Table 11. Services Provided to Victims in Lander County Community DV Table 12. Services Provided to Victims in Lincoln County Info Table 13. Services Provided to Victims in Lyon County Community      Abused   Outreach children Community           DV      Crisis, Therapy Lander (5,903 people, 0.2%)      System or Victims       Type Community served Committee Against Domestic Violence Battle Mountain Lincoln (5, 036 people, 0.2%) System or Community Victims      Type served Lincoln County Sheriff’s Department Victim/Witness Services System All victims            Info, Legal Lyon (52, 585 people, 1.8%) System or Victims Type Community served Alternative To Living In Violent Environments (A.L.I.V.E) CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Community DV Crisis Casework Community Abused children 54 Table 14. Services Provided to Victims in Mineral County Community        DV, SA    Info, Casework Community         All victims    Therapy Table 15. Services Provided to Victims in Nye County Mineral (4,478 people, 0.2%) System or Victims Type Community served Consolidated Agencies of Human Services Walker River Paiute Tribe Nye (42, 477 people, 1.5%) System or Victims Type Community served CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Nevada Outreach Training Organization children Community           DV, SA Table 16. Services Provided to Victims in Pershing County Community             DV Table 17. Services Provided to Victims in Storey County Table 18. Services Provided to Victims in Washoe County Info Community          Abused Casework Pershing (6,634 people, 0.2%)      System or Victims   Type Community served Pershing County Domestic Violence Intervention System          All victims Therapy, Crisis, Info, Casework, Legal Storey (3,987 people, 0.1%) System or Victims Community served Type Community Chest Storey County DA Victim Services Unit Community       DV, Abused children            Outreach Crisis, Info, Casework, Legal Washoe (446,903 people, 15.5%) System or Victims Type Awaken Reno Community served Child Abuse & Neglect Prevention Task Force CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Children’s Cabinet Committee to Aid Abused Women Community            Trafficked youth Crisis, Casework, Outreach Outreach Community   No direct Community    Abused children Casework Therapy, Casework Community     Abused children Community        DV Crisis, Info, Legal, Therapy 55 Washoe (446,903 people, 15.5%)       System or  Victims    Type Crisis Call Center          Community          SA       Crisis, Outreach, Eddy House Family and Payee Counseling Service of Northern Nevada Nevada Indians, Inc., HealthCare & Community Services The Office of the Nevada Attorney General Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Victim Services Department Reno Police Department Victim Services Reno Sparks Gospel Mission Safe Embrace The Solace Tree Sparks Christian Fellowship Sparks Police Department Victim Advocate Step 2 Tahoe SAFE Alliance University of Nevada, Reno (UNR)- Psychological Services Center University of Nevada, Reno (UNR)- Victims of Crime Treatment Center Washoe County Children’s Advocacy Center Washoe County Department of Juvenile Services Washoe County Department of Social Services Washoe County DA Victim Services Washoe County Legal Services Northern Nevada DUI Task Force Community served Therapy Community At-risk Crisis youth Community DV, SA, Therapy Abused children Community All victims Info, Legal, Therapy Community DUI victims Crisis, Therapy, Outreach System All victims Info Community All victims Crisis, Info, Casework, Legal, Therapy System All victims Info, Casework Community DV Crisis, Therapy Community DV, SA Crisis, Therapy Community Grieving Therapy children Community DV, SA Therapy System All victims Info, Casework Community DV Crisis, Therapy Community DV, SA, Crisis, Legal, Abused Therapy, Outreach children Community Trauma Therapy victims Community Trauma Therapy victims Community Abused Legal children System Children, Info Victims of juvenile offenders System All victims Casework System All victims Info, Legal System DV Legal System            All victims Info, Casework Washoe County Sheriff’s Advocate 56 Table 19. Services Provided to Victims in White Pine County White Pine (9,811 people, 0.3) System or Victims Type Community served Victim Witness Services of White Pine County System All victims Info Another way to look at services available is to compare what is available from community- based services as opposed to system-based services. This split is presented in Table 22 below. Table 20. Services Provided to Victims, by County and by System vs. Community State - system - community Carson - system -community Churchill – system - community Clark - system - community Douglas - system - community Elko - system -community Esmeralda Eureka Humboldt - system - community Lander - system - community Lincoln - system - community Lyon - system - community Mineral - system - community Nye – system - community Pershing - system - community Storey - system - community Washoe - system -community White Pine – system - community 1 4 Crisis Info Casework Legal Therapy Outreach 1 3 4 2 3 1 111 1 75 6 9 13 13 6 12 6 111 112 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 642 10345145 1 57 Washoe County has the greatest array of services and the most system resources. The fact that Clark County has 4 times the population of Washoe County, it should have far more services and receive a far greater portion of VOCA funding. Beyond the simple math of the population difference, the victimization numbers across all crimes show the vast majority of victims live in Clark County. Table 21. Agencies Currently Providing Victim Services and 2017 VOCA Grant Applications, by County 64 Funded Unfunded Non- Funded Unfunded Non- Total County Systems based Community based State Carson Churchill Clark Douglas Elko Humboldt Lander Lincoln Lyon Mineral Nye Pershing Storey Washoe White Pine Applicant Applicant 11 35 11 35 3 112 7 7 7 6 30 112 112 1113 11 11 22 112 112 11 112 5                      3 9 1 10 28 11 64 Note: There were 11 other agencies that were turned down for funding which are listed in Appendix C (1 systems-based agency in Clark County, 5 community-based agencies in Clark County, 2 systems-based agencies in Washoe County, and 3 community-based agencies in Washoe County). 58  GAPS Analysis Discussion Identifying service providers that are open to serving victims of crime is only a preliminary step. There are major gaps in our ability to evaluate the quality, accessibility, and appropriateness of these services. At a basic level, services for victims seem very focused on domestic violence and sexual victimization clients. While domestic violence and sexual assault are important issues, there is a wide range of crime victims needing services in Nevada as demonstrated in the crime victimization sections above. Through online searches, reviewing reports, and calls to agencies, it was evident that agencies differ greatly in their ability to describe the victims that they are helping. This patchwork of information hinders funding agencies from evaluating whether the right victims are being served and assessing who is not being served. This lack of data also means that Nevada cannot develop a comprehensive and systematic approach to meeting victim needs. There is a high count of agencies serving abused children, but a closer examination finds that the vast majority are legal services meaning that the Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) programs appear the most frequently. While having case management with these advocates during the court process is important, it is not clear that the trauma associated with being separated from families of origin is being treated or addressed therapeutically. The numbers of agencies offering therapy was low across all victim types. The latest research on adverse childhood experiences show long-term social, cognitive, and physical deficits in victims 59 Figure 36. The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences65 Underserved Populations Research on a national level and in gaps assessments in other states have identified crime victim populations that are underserved. There is no data to suggest that these populations are not also suffering from a lack of services here in Nevada as well based on the service array survey presented above. Disabled individuals become victims of three primary types of crimes: property crime, violent crime, and hate crime. The risk for victimization of people with disabilities oftentimes directly stems from their physical or cognitive constraints as these may hinder 65 CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/about.html A. People with Disabilities 60  the ability to protect themselves or even to report their victimization. The lack of reporting is one of the causes of why people with disabilities are underrepresented in victim services. Harrell (2015) distinguishes among hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care, and independent living limitations, and notes that individuals with cognitive limitations are the most affected population across all types of crimes. Furthermore, individuals with disabilities are victimized at a higher rate than individuals with no disability. The statistics on victimization of people with disabilities in Nevada are severely limited. However, Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) reports hate crime specifically targeting disabled individuals. Since 2006, one such hate crime occurred in Nevada, specifically in Nye County. It could be concluded that hate crime motivated by an individual’s disability is not a major problem in Nevada but underreporting must be considered. Further research is needed to reveal how many people with disabilities get victimized in Nevada outside of the classification of hate crime. The LGBTQIA community has long suffered from various types of discrimination; therefore, not only may the individuals within the LGBTQIA community experience domestic violence, but they also get victimized through hate crimes. A report released by the National Center for Victims of Crime and the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (2010) asserted that the available victim services oftentimes do not take this community into account, and hence, their services are not compatible or even relevant to this population. The report further suggests that collaboration between mainstream victim services and LGBTQIA victim services is necessary in order to better meet the needs of this community. Another problem addressed was that this population regularly abstains from reporting the crime due shame or feelings of isolation. Hate crimes committed on the LGBTQIA community are relatively common in Nevada; from 2006-2014, 116 individuals were victimized because of their sexual orientation. Nonetheless, in 2013 and 2014, when the UCR first started reporting hate crimes motivated b. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA) Community 61 by one’s gender identity, no gender identity hate crimes occurred. In 2014, the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP) researched 14 states and found that 20-25% of lesbian and gay people experience hate crimes in their lifetime. Research for 2015 found that rates of hate crimes increased 20% since the previous year. Of reported homicides, 62% were people of color; 67% were transgender and gender non-conforming individuals; and 54% were transgender women of color (Waters, et al., 2015). As previously noted, the individuals within the LGBTQIA community also experience domestic violence. On the national level, over 50% of bisexual women have experienced intimate partner violence as compared to 44% of lesbian women and 35% of heterosexual women (NISVS, 2010). Although fewer males get victimized, the numbers are still alarming: 37% of bisexual men, 26% of gay men, and 29% of heterosexual men have experienced intimate partner violence (NISVS, 2010). Nevada is always highlighted as a hot spot for human trafficking in national reports. Due to the continued treatment of these victims as offenders, particularly the continued management of minor victims through the juvenile justice system, the true rates are and will continue to be unknown. While the juvenile justice system effectively separates DMST victims from the physical and psychological control of their traffickers, it has the negative effect of criminalizing their commercial sexual exploitation. DMST victims arrested for prostitution in Las Vegas’s Clark County are placed on probation while concurrently living in foster care or group home settings. When the Juvenile Court judge determines probation and community placement is no longer in the child’s best interest (e.g., the child missteps by violating curfew, running away, testing positive for marijuana use, etc.), the next step in “treatment” is often placing the child in Department of Child and Family Services’ (DCFS) juvenile detention facility in rural Nevada (Caliente Youth Center) for 4-18 months. Managing victims through the delinquency system is appealing because it gives courts, probation, and CPS workers the 62 c. Minor Victims of Human Trafficking authority to force compliance with orders for change (e.g., stay in school, go to counseling, refrain from drug or alcohol use, stay away from areas of prostitution, etc.). A particularly heavy-handed treatment of these victims is the use of material witness holds to detain victims in the juvenile detention center so that they will testify against their traffickers (Brown, 2008). Chances to detect and intervene with DMST victims increases as they come into contact with service providers working with addicted youth, homeless youth, truant youth, foster children, and children involved with the juvenile justice system. However, one consequence of using the delinquency system to manage DMST victims is that the threat of arrest leads some DMST victims to avoid interactions with helping professionals (e.g., law enforcement, child protective services, health providers, etc.) and to deny their victimization in order to avoid identification (Kennedy & Jordan, 2014). When DMST victims do access resources, they may not be identified as victims and/or may face stigma when they are falsely identified as willingly prostituted, both of which may act as a deterrent from seeking continued care. Furthermore, DMST victims who run from placement and are re-arrested see frequent interruptions in counseling and rehabilitation services, which are exacerbated by long waiting lists for mental health and advocacy services (Kennedy & Jordan, 2014). Nevada now has a safe harbor law, but the agencies in Clark County that have a history of providing services to human trafficking victims were all denied funding in the 2017 VOCA round (e.g., The Embracing Project, Seeds of Hope at the Salvation Army, Purple Wings, and Yap Inc.). American Indians and Alaska Natives report being targeted in racially-motivated crimes. While statistics are relatively sparse on this issue, national media outlets occasionally report major cases. Tjaden and Thoennes (2000) reported that American Indians and Alaska Natives have higher rates of violent victimization, and the women who make up these groups experience higher rates of rape and interpersonal violence. 63 d. Tribal Communities The UCR’s reports on hate crime provide brief statistics on the race of victims attacked; nonetheless, the state breakdown is not offered. According to the UCR, the percentage of anti-American Indian and anti-Alaskan Natives hate crimes is slowly rising; in 2004, 2% of all racial hate crimes were motivated by anti-American Indian and anti-Alaskan Native views, while in 2014, the percentage increased to 4.6%. These findings suggest that victim services are needed for these communities, especially focusing on hate crimes, sexual assaults, and interpersonal violence. Further research is necessary in order to understand the scope of the issue in Nevada and to establish whether victim services currently available can cater to the specific needs of these communities. Although violent victimization tends to decrease with age, the crimes against the elderly should still be addressed at the national and state levels, and appropriate services need to be offered in order to ensure that the members of this vulnerable population feel secure in their communities. The shift of attention towards protecting elderly is partially caused by the fact that the American population is aging (Office for Justice Programs, 2015), and many elders have to seek help from family members or medical services, which in turn makes them dependent on the help of others. Hence, the crime against elderly has two main settings, institutional and non-institutional, but the types of crime reflect crimes committed on rest of the population. In Nevada, the rate of violent victimization of individuals who are 65 years and older has showed an increase in 2012 but has been decreasing since. The majority of crimes against elderly in Nevada are reported in Clark County, as it is the largest metropolitan area in the state. The victims’ services in the state should focus primarily on the victims of abuse, neglect, and exploitation, as those are the most commonly occurring crimes against elderly in Nevada (Nevada Department of Health & Human Services, 2016). e. Elderly 64 The primary difficulty with establishing the extent of the crimes committed against illegal immigrants is that the members of this group oftentimes fear reporting their victimization due to the possibility of deportation. Hence, these crimes tend to be minimized, or insufficient proxies are used to illustrate their true rates. The lack of official records makes data on crimes against immigrants to be virtually non-existent. Anti-Hispanic hate crimes are sometimes used as proxies to measure crimes against immigrants, but these statistics are inadequate as these crimes are, by definition, motivated by one’s race rather than their immigration status. However, the U Visa was introduced to provide victimized nonimmigrants, plus their immediate families, with representation and protection in the criminal justice system, and to allow for the inclusion of these individuals in the processes of various criminal cases. The number of applications for the U Visa may be used as a proxy that can supplement basic information about this type of victimization in the U.S. In 2009, 10,937 such petitions were received, but the number has grown dramatically in the past seven years as 52,666 U Nonimmigrant Status petitions were submitted in 2015. Victim services for foreign nationals should provide a sense of security and protection outside of one’s native land. Additionally, in-house assistance with a U Visa application process would be beneficial in order to respond to the specific legal needs of this population. Homeless individuals are not only criminalized for securing their basic needs, but they also suffer from victimization and limited access to the criminal justice system. The needs that homeless people attempt to secure on public spaces such as bathing and sleeping are deemed to be criminal activities by numerous local governments (National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty). The fact that homeless people are both criminalized and victimized makes this population extremely vulnerable because the criminal justice system oftentimes inherently views them as perpetrators rather than victims. Providing victim f. Immigrants g. Homeless 65 services for this population would ensure that this marginalized group of citizens is provided with a form of secure environment. As noted, many homeless people face violent crimes, which are classified as hate crimes. The UCR does not collect data on hate crimes against the homeless; nevertheless, National Coalition for the Homeless (2013) reported, “1,437 reported acts of violence have been committed against homeless individuals” (p. 4) and “375 of the victims have lost their lives as a result of the attacks” (p. 4) in the past 15 years. Two hate crimes against homeless individuals occurred in 2013, and from 1999 to 2013, a total of 35 such hate crimes occurred in Nevada. The total statistic of those 15 years ranks Nevada as the 10th place with the most hate crimes against homeless individuals (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2013). 66 5. Nevada VOCA SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses A SWOT analysis is a tool used to spark strategy formulation. Strengths and weaknesses come from reflection on assets and challenges internal to a system. For the purpose of this report, it is the strengths and weaknesses within the current victims of crime funding and service delivery. The second part of a SWOT analysis is looking at the factors external to an organization, or in this case, the opportunities for the Nevada network of agencies and service providers working with victims and the threats to strategic planning. 67 Strengths The funding patterns seen for victims served through VOCA grants and individual payments66 in Nevada match the trends seen in national funding. The most commonly served victims are those experiencing domestic violence, sexual victimization, and child abuse. In comparing Nevada to other states, the procedures for individuals applying for funds for individuals seem similar to other jurisdictions. There are ways that the process could be made more victim friendly. The analysis of general eligibility requirements in Chapter 2 of this report gives some examples of best practices that Nevada may choose to emulate. 1. Nevada’s goals largely match national priorities Numerous organizations/entities in Nevada are dedicated to crime victims. For instance, active coalitions, task forces, service providers, agencies, and advocates across the state work with crime victims and/or on victimization issues. Some of these groups are funded through VOCA funds (e.g. child abuse and neglect prevention, domestic violence) while others are not. Additionally, some VOCA-funded and non-funded entities operate with some overlap (e.g., the Southern Nevada Task Force on Human Trafficking and the Nevada Coalition to Prevent the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children). It would be helpful to network and collaborate with these different groups to pool resources and information. There are issues that are not currently the focus of agency support task forces (e.g., elderly abuse) that might benefit from organization, funds, or attention. 2. Multiple task forces working on these issues This report presents a current snapshot of the rates of victimization among violent and personal crimes in Nevada. Unfortunately, Nevada often ranks at the top of national lists for rates of victimization (e.g., domestic violence, child abuse). Understanding and acknowledging the problem is often the first step when coming up with new solutions and 66 Currently operated in the Office of the Attorney General and not a part of DCFS VOCA administration and therefore removed from this assessment of VOCA programs in Nevada. 68 3. Statewide snapshot of victimization in Nevada  strategies. Nevada victimization data presented within this report, inclusive of national trends, should be shared widely, not only with those delivering crime victim services but also with educators, legislators, and administrators alike. Service providers, agencies, and administrators are encouraged to partner with the Nevada System of Higher Education to continue to collect and analyze state and national victimization and crime data. There are many research groups willing to pull and analyze data, evaluate programs, help write grants, and provide services at no or low cost to the community. Data driven decision are always a best practice. Despite a disconnect between the north and the south of this state, there seems to be a firm commitment to make service delivery better for all victims in Nevada. Programs that are developed in the south (which sees nearly three-quarters of the victims across all crimes) can be replicated or delivered through telemedicine (e.g., video meetings with two people from different locations) all across the state. Regions should not be in competition with (and against) each other but should be working together to deliver the best services to every victim in Nevada. 4. State leadership with capacity to start change Based on the survey of agencies currently serving victims of crime in Nevada (for more detail, see Appendix B), there are services available through most of Nevada. However, there are some rural areas that have limited access to in-person services, and technology and telemedicine have been increasing their services to help decrease this absence. Even though we know those agencies currently serving victims in Nevada, we have not adequately assessed and evaluated their services. Quality of resources and services being delivered has not been assessed. Furthermore, we do not know whether or not these services are fully accessible to crime victims (and if so, for which crime type). The amount of time it takes for a victim to access service providers, including whether or not their operating hours meet the needs of victims, has not been assessed either (see timeliness of services below). 5. Resources currently available throughout the state 69 Weaknesses The allocation of funds - at the individual, systems-based, and community-based levels - in Nevada does not match the overall population of the state or the reported distribution of victims. The simplest illustration of this disconnect is the fact that Clark County represents nearly three-quarters of the state’s population and has the majority of victims across all crime types. However, Clark County does not receive a representative share of VOCA funds at either the individual or the grant-based level (i.e. neither individuals nor agencies in Clark County receive funding at the level they should according to the proportion of victims in this area). Clark County is made to do more with less, which negatively impacts the largest groups of victims. It is a national best practice to align funding allocations according to demographics and population shifts. Without regular harmonizing of victim numbers, population trends, and details about the type of services provided, funds will not be strategically used to reach those victims most in need inclusive of Nevada’s underserved victim populations. Clark County, for example, may be responsible for serving not only three-quarters of the victims statewide but also the highest percentage of underserved victims as well. 1. VOCA fund distribution does not match the victimization patterns in Nevada 2. Accessibility of services Transportation Transportation is a commonly cited barrier to access services throughout Nevada. To properly assess access to and delivery of services to victims, the state needs better information on barriers to accessing services (i.e. “barriers to justice”). Transportation is not just an issue for rural victims who may have to travel to get to an agency in another town. Getting to an appointment on time is often a barrier in urban areas in Nevada as well. Youth victims of crime often complain about not being able to get to agencies or services. One problematic situation seen in Las Vegas among human trafficking victims was that traffickers learned the bus routes victims used to access a particular therapist and her group sessions. The pimps would then ride that route and recruit victims into sex trafficking during their bus ride. Safe and reliable transportation for victims of crime is a must. 70 Victimization occurs at all hours of the day, but many agencies staff for the standard workweek only. Accessing services outside of the standard workweek may be, and likely is, a challenge for victims. However, there is not currently a mechanism for assessing this barrier either. Victims should be surveyed to see how timeliness of accessing services is affecting their healing journey. They should also be asked about how agency operating hours affect their ability to access services. Research shows that attending court hearings can be a major disruption in victims’ lives. There is no research on how attending therapy sessions or support groups disrupt victims’ schedules as well. There is similarly a lack of research on how limited access to child care may inhibit participation in victims’ services. Additional roadblocks to victims accessing services may occur as a result of backlogs (partly due to the disproportionately low VOCA funding Clark County receives). There is no publicly available information on possible wait lists for accessing services, which may lead to victims existing in a void until services become available or slipping through the cracks entirely as they tire of waiting for services. VOCA reporting does not currently require agencies receiving grants to report on waiting lists, delays in contacting victims who reach out, operating hours, and other similar types of information. Gathering, analyzing, and providing this information would benefit victims in Nevada greatly. There is little information on potential language barriers to accessing services in Nevada. Translators are available, and frequently used, in the criminal and civil justice systems, which indicates a clear need to provide services in multiple languages. However, as of the writing of this report, applications for VOCA funds are completed only in English, and while some service providers have information and applications available in other languages, this is not common. Additionally, there is little oversight on the efficiency of available language services. Anecdotally, as part of a domestic violence court research project, UNLV graduate students were in court observing applications for restraining orders. Students who spoke the languages being translated were shocked to hear how much of the court instructions 71 Timeliness of services Language barriers were not being covered by the translators and that some instructions were actually translated inconsistently and/or incorrectly (Troshynski, et al., Manuscript submitted for publication)67. In order to serve crime victims in Nevada, including those from underserved populations (i.e. non- or limited-English speaking victims), language access is a necessity. There is no current requirement for victim service providers (shelters, clinics, drop-in centers, etc.), to be assessed for compliance with the American Disabilities Act (ADA). A periodic review for compliance with ADA is a recommended best practice and is performed regularly in other states. Current VOCA program on-site reviews include assessment of ADA compliance in terms of getting services to victims with disabilities.68 Nevada would benefit from a statewide assessment of ADA compliance to inform state agency and statewide service providers of best practices to increase accessibility to services that consider victims with disabilities. Accessibility that considers disability One UNLV professor regularly assigns a victim resource task to her graduate students. Students are given a list of service agencies and are asked to identify the types of victims served or not served, the requirements for accessing those services, the location and hours of service, and any other pieces of relevant information. Each time, students bitterly complain about not being able to find the information. They also note that they are not able to contact and/or reach agencies. They find out-of-date contact information and never have their calls returned. The students are then asked to reflect on how frustrated they would be if they were actual victims in crisis trying to navigate this system. Many service providers’ online information is incomplete, incorrect, or inconsistent. While this is an anecdotal finding, there are numerous reports and research on services and providers in Nevada that have found or sought to address similar inconsistencies or awareness issues in available service provider contact and other relevant information (LTSS Report, 2017; AB-62 Report, 2016; Executive Order 2014-13 Report, 2015; NDVS Aging Report, 2017; & VSO Report, Service information online is often incomplete or incorrect 67 Entitled, “Lost in Translation” – Barriers to Justice: Challenges Faced by ESL Applicants Seeking Protection Orders. This research manuscript is forthcoming. Paper available by request. 68 Personal communication, Priscilla Colegrove, Administrative Services Officer IV, Nevada Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child and Family Services (May 15, 2017). 72 2016). Although information currently available online is at times out-of-date, incomplete, incorrect, or inconsistent expanded use of the Nevada 211 (presented in the Opportunities section below) offers an opportunity to create an accurate, one-stop-site for information about VOCA service providers. It was not possible to determine whether or not Nevada agencies serving victims are using trauma-informed practices. Trauma-informed care is a national best practice and has been shown to be a critical part in victim engagement with services and overall healing. Trauma- informed responses include empathetic first responders and empathetic treatment by systems-based program workers. Trauma-informed practice is an organizational and treatment framework that incorporates recognizing and addressing the diverse effects of trauma. Six key principles of trauma-informed care include: 3. Trauma-informed practices 1. Safety 2. Trustworthiness and Transparency 3. Peer support 4. Collaboration and mutuality 5. Empowerment, voice, and choice 6. Cultural, Historical, and Gender issues69 This important framework should be built into strategic plans developed by the state, incorporated into each agency’s practice, and evaluated regularly (i.e., at least every two years). Failing to meet victims’ needs means that service delivery might be unsuccessful and use of grant money ineffective. Currently, VOCA funded agencies have no requirement to report or demonstrate that they are using trauma-informed practices. Without improving awareness and expertise of trauma-informed practices, Nevada will continue to fall short in its ability to serve the needs of victims. Trauma-informed practice is critical at the community service delivery level as well. The State can take a leadership role in creating a culture of trauma-informed practice by 69 http://www.samhsa.gov/nctic/trauma-interventions 73  providing training and evaluating the delivery of victim services. On its simplest level, all service providers need to be trained on how much assistance victims may need in completing the application for victim resources, a task that may seem straightforward but can be difficult in the chaos of processing victimization. In the research that surveyed VOCA payment recipients in California, many victims said that if they hadn’t received help from health staff, advocates, police, or others in actually completing the application paperwork, they would not have applied on their own (Warnken, 2014). Fortunately, the current culture of negative responses towards victims is being challenged by nationwide, system-led initiatives like the Start by Believing campaign (www.startbybelieving.org) and Vice-President Joe Biden’s It’s on Us campaign (www.itsonus.org). Nevada was one of three stops for Vice President Biden during the 2016 campaign launch. By making use of the resources available through these campaigns, Nevada will be well on its way to developing a statewide framework for trauma-informed care. There is informative research coming out of other jurisdictions that can help guide how to better serve victims here in Nevada. One example is research from California that looks at victimization (Warnken, 2014). This survey looked at repeat victimization and found that victims often didn’t access services immediately following their primary victimization. Instead, they sought help only after other experiences like self-medicating behavior through drug use. This could suggest that new policies on supporting victims should partner with all programming in Nevada. This way, all entities could start to screen victims for histories of adverse experiences (e.g., rehabilitations services, criminal justice interventions, etc.). In so doing, service providers practicing trauma-informed care would become more aware of how common it is for victims to delay seeking help. Additionally, we would have a better understanding of any issues (i.e. emotional, physical, psychological) that may have manifested because a victim did not seek outside help first. 74 The current system for reporting and administering of victim funds does not necessarily have the flexibility to respond to underserved populations. To truly change service delivery to victims, planning must incorporate strategic outreach and services to victims who do not report their crimes immediately. While some of the VOCA funding (i.e., individual reimbursements) is tethered to the 5-day reporting requirement, agency grants allow more flexibility to provide services to victims who do not report. 4. Underserved populations Identifying the most underserved victims may require asking difficult questions of the current system. Take the population of human trafficking victims, for example. In Clark County, at least 150 children are arrested each year for their involvement in prostitution. Aside from the blatant contradiction that victims of human trafficking are being adjudicated as delinquent for their victimization, the enforcement against juveniles in Clark County reflects disproportionate minority contact. Over 60% of the girls arrested for their involvement are African American, but less than 12% of the Clark County population is African America. This over-representation of minority contact is seen among delinquent boys, adult law enforcement contact, child protection referrals, and child removal decisions in Nevada. Addressing needs of underserved populations may require exploration of intersectionality or multiple discriminations or disadvantages. Nevada’s underserved victims matched research done in other states (e.g., California, Georgia, Maryland). The most frequently served victims were domestic violence victims and victims of sexual assault. There is little evidence that Nevada is yet reaching the underserved populations identified in the gaps section of this report: a. People with disabilities b. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA) community c. Victims of Human Trafficking d. Tribal communities e. Elderly f. Immigrant communities g. g. Homeless 75 There is no strategic assessment of cultural sensitivity among service providers. Cultural competence is demonstrated when organizations value the diversity of the individuals being served and educate their staff on how to deliver culturally and linguistically sensitive and appropriate services. Education must be ongoing and coupled with reflection on how clients (crime victims and their families) experience their uniqueness. Best practices in cultural awareness emphasize a commitment to social justice and equal opportunity to accessing basic human needs, while consistently demonstrating the capacity to: 1) value diversity in clients; 2) have organizations reflect on their cultural competence; 3) effectively facilitate the dynamics of difference; 4) research and incorporate information on differences; 5) demonstrate the ability to adapt to the diversity and the cultural contexts of the clients, families, and communities being served; and, 6) create procedures that ensure opportunities and services to those with different needs. Making sure that victim service providers are culturally competent and culturally sensitive is important for victims’ equal access to justice as well as equal access to quality victim services. Therefore, cultural competency and sensitivity trainings of victim providers would benefit all crime victims including those from underserved populations (i.e. persons with disabilities, the homeless, LGBTQIA, etc.) including those who speak limited English. Some of these important cultural diversity practices are mentioned in other sections of this SWOT (e.g., assessing language accessibility and culture sensitivity of services available, checking for ADA compliance in facilities providing services, and requiring trauma- informed practice). 5. Cultural competence and sensitivity It is a best practice for agencies to strategically assess their service delivery and to determine whether they are meeting the needs of the victims they serve. One mechanism by which this can be done is through surveying clients regarding their satisfaction with services. Both system agencies and community-based programs should plan for follow-up 6. Agency self-assessment 76 contact with their clients by creating exit surveys, asking for preferred method of contact, and remembering that follow-up should be optional for victims. The importance of having this data to shape future programming and sharing data with other agencies to best serve victims is described in more detail under recommendations. This lack of data and information sharing prohibits an assessment of continuity of response to victims. Opportunities Evidence of collaboration is an important priority for federal granting agencies and private funders. There are a number of reasons to build stronger partnerships when delivering services. Better collaboration reduces costs when agencies (system- or community-based) share infrastructure and administrative costs. For example, many services traditionally performed by government agencies can be done cheaper and with more flexibility when subcontracted to nonprofit agencies. Building collaborative programs that draw on the different strengths of each individual partner creates improved, holistic, and more diverse programming. Shrinking funding streams for nonprofits has seen new thinking outside of the traditional funding approaches. Nevada has the ability to build strategic partnerships to explore some of the new initiatives like social impact bonds. This new trend introduced in 2010 sees private investors paying for preventative or intervention social services up front with government agencies reimbursing investors based on savings seen by reducing social issues. 1. Effective partnerships For systems change to occur in Nevada, the clients (i.e., the victims themselves) must be part of that process. This larger VOCA assessment will be contacting service providers for their take on current gaps and needs. The State of Nevada has the opportunity to take this research and process to the next step by consulting victims and learning about their entire journey through the system and the recovery process (including what was helpful/useful and what was a barrier). 2. Survey of service providers and victims Best practices in other states and counties receive regular contact and feedback from victims as to what they still need. In the business world, customer feedback is key. Only by 77 asking victims about their experiences will funders become aware of any constraints in meeting these needs. Questions must be regularly asked about time to access services, quality of services provided, outcomes and/or benefits of services, as well as overall satisfaction with services received. The information provided in this report only begins the process of understanding the gaps in our victim service array. Next steps must be shaped through the victim’s point of view and their experience with the system and services accessed. Any surveys of victims should take the approach of quality assurance. In addition to outcomes for victims, they should be asked about policies and procedures, including interactions and resources that they experienced or needed but could not access. How will the state ever know if quality services are being delivered by grant supported agencies if they never objectively and methodically track, monitor, and evaluate the quality and appropriateness of the services available/performed? Only through talking directly with victims can the system address any areas where the quality of services may be improved. It is a joint responsibility of funding agencies and the groups delivering services to actively examine problem-prone areas and immediately demonstrate efforts toward resolution of identified concerns. This report presents a current list of contact information and services available to crime victims within Nevada. This list will be supplemented with interviews conducted as part of this overall project. Having current contact information and a sense of what agencies are able to do will assist with victim referrals and accessing services. No one group can be everything to everyone, and partnering is the most efficient way to meet the diverse needs of often-complex issues facing victims of crime. 3. Updated resource list Every time a task force begins in Nevada, creating updated resource lists is one of their first tasks. Those lists rarely stay updated and generally end up in a desk drawer of the committee members. Different state agencies (e.g., Office of the Attorney General of 78 Nevada) have proposed hosting a list, but staff time needs to be dedicated to regularly updating it. The resource list compiled for this research project will need updating in 2017. In terms of a long-term, accessible solution, the Nevada 211 is a comprehensive resource for both agencies and residents to use to locate services with an option for agencies to update their contact and service information (Nevada 211, 2017). The popularity of the usage of the 211 number continues to grow and is becoming more familiar to residents and agencies across Nevada (NDVS Aging Report, 2017). Individuals can use 211 during non- emergent situations to retrieve immediate information about available services and resources in their community (Executive Order 2014-13 Report, 2015). Continued efforts to build awareness and increase utilization of the Nevada 211 would eliminate confusion created by outdated resource lists and reduce time required to update and maintain printed resources lists. Threats While this report provides information on rates of victimization, there is no real data on outcomes beyond the number of victims served. Across different social service arenas in Nevada, we are very poor custodians of public money disbursed. We rarely ask agency or community-based providers to report on the successes of their programs, client satisfaction, business efficiency, quality control, strategies for growth or improvement, etc. We do not know if we are spending our money wisely because we are not measuring how services are being delivered. We are reactive rather than proactive. While the pay for success/social impact bond may seem crass at first blush as it is the application of business principles to human lives, it may be the catalyst to improve service delivery. Using data to take a real look at outcomes may move the needle on the dial towards true prevention efforts. In the words of Frederick Douglass, “It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.” Perhaps Nevada can look more deeply at the cost benefits of preventing victimization sooner and earlier. 1. Lack of data on outcomes for policy development 79 For example, based on research at UNLV, Clark County is profoundly failing its children. In the 2015-2016 school year, across over 700 freshman students surveyed, 1 in 3 female students and 1 in 6 male students have been sexually abused or sexually assaulted prior to starting UNLV. If these are the rates among the highest performing locals (the ones who graduated from high school and went straight to university), what are the rates amongst those who struggled in high school or dropped out entirely? We have this “data”, yet we have not adequately funded services for this population of crime victims. Additionally, when service agencies are funded, we have not evaluated their success/impacts. With current data gaps, lack of evaluation of program success, as well as the limited information on funding being provided to agencies supporting victims, it appears that Nevada is lacking a strategic plan on how to best provide services to victims. This report is an important first step in developing that strategic plan. The new information in this evaluation provides Nevada with the opportunity to develop and implement changes that would improve services being provided to victims including how VOCA money is being spent. A strategic plan might include adopting new practices for using a statewide, standardized intake form. This would reduce the need for victims to repeat their stories, which can be difficult in non-therapeutic settings. Strategies exist to share that information between agencies without compromising the privacy of the victims. Strategies could also be put in place to develop evaluations of current program operations. A strategic plan should also incorporate timelines for review of and updates to policies and procedures. This could occur every two years, and that assessment should be analyzed in light of best practices at that time. 2. Lack of statewide strategic plan Consistent collection of information can increase the community’s ability to track patterns and successful services. Only by collecting data continuously and effectively can Nevada seek increased resources for the whole state. This Gaps analysis was hampered by the lack of consistency in reporting how many victims had been served by each agency. The reporting done that is publicly available is a simple count of contacts (e.g., hotline calls, 3. No strategies for identifying and removing barriers for underserved 80 nights in shelter). This does not provide the information needed to assess the services being provided. It does not indicate if victims are restored to a state similar to prior to their victimization. It also does not indicate if services were terminated before the victims felt they had addressed their issues. Overall, the State of Nevada has no real sense of the utility of their victim services, never mind the time to access, length of treatment, quality of caregivers, and other important data points necessary to developing a competent system of care for victims. The State of Nevada should increase access to victim services and trauma counseling for underserved communities. The research presented here shows similar underserved populations (e.g., elderly, human trafficking victims, LGBTQIA, etc.) to those in other states. Policies that bar access should be assessed on a statewide level. For example, historically, shelters would not accept adult victims of human trafficking because they were considered criminals and ineligible for placement. Victim service providers, both systems-based and community-based, are under serious financial pressures related to reductions in public funding. Nonprofit organizations in particular often exist in month-to-month financial peril, even if they are providing the highest quality of services to victims. This is not a challenge unique to Nevada as represented in the following figure summarizing funding pressures from the United Kingdom. 4. Competitive nature of funding in Nevada 81 Figure 37. Pressures Facing Providers70 Lack of future funding Need to raise funds to survive Rising costs Competition or overlap with other providers Ability to support victims Reducing resources to manage financial pressure Uncertainty 70 Bowman, Redding & Hudson, 2014, p. 34. 82  6. Nevada Data Collection and Reporting Recommendations Collecting and analyzing data is an essential part of ensuring the quality of services provided in any business. Without data, there is no way to know if services provided currently meet or are headed towards a stated vision. The goal of VOCA funding should most simply be to support victims of crime in Nevada. The data presented in this report has been gathered by reviewing existing documents and records. It is clear that there is an inconsistency in sharing data about services offered, the people helped, and any outcomes achieved. This gap not only prevents Nevada from providing the best possible services to crime victims, but it also reduces the ability for the state to apply for future money to serve those most in need. Data used by different systems in the state of Nevada operate separately in somewhat of a silo manner. Information that those investigating crime collect (e.g., law enforcement, prosecutors, etc.) is not accessible to those managing the offender (e.g., corrections, probation, and parole, etc.) nor is this data available to those helping the victim (e.g., advocates, pro-bono lawyers, service providers, therapists, etc.). Currently, information used by systems-based victim advocates is not shared with community-based advocates, with mental health providers, or health care facilities. And all this information is not available to the victim. 83 Nevada Data While this fractured information system protects the privacy of victims, it makes it difficult to track rates of crime, challenging to share information between groups helping the same victim, and nearly impossible to estimate true rates of crime and victimization (including its long-term effects). Looking at the example of a victim of child abuse who is taken away from his/her family during an investigation, there will be information collected by child protective services, law enforcement, court advocates, the prosecutor and defense attorneys preparing for trial, the medical staff who examines the child, the school district that deals with changes in attendance, the agency that provides temporary housing for the child until it is deemed safe to go home, the treatment provider who starts counseling, and so on. The different data systems being used in this scenario include: • Child protection, closed systems • Law enforcement, closed systems • Child advocate, nonprofit private systems • Prosecutorial, closed systems • Public defender, closed systems • Court closed system with some public information • Medical records, HIPAA protected • School district record, closed systems • Community service provider, nonprofit private system • Therapy records, HIPAA protected If the child abuse report is handled by child protective services only and deemed unsubstantiated, it may not make it into the data of law enforcement reporting and will not be included in rates of crime being tracked for Nevada. If it is non-familial abuse and not under the purview of child protective services, it may work its way through law enforcement only. Different cases take different trajectories, leading to challenges in tracking both the rates of crime and the treatment of crime victims. Nevada is not unique in its splintered approach to tracking information on victims of crime. The Office of Victims of Crime (OVC) made research its number one priority when describing how to transform victim services (OVC, 2013). They recognized that throughout 84 the nation, service providers were lacking the data they needed to develop and implement the best services. Their call for action stated: “We need research to give us better answers to basic questions about victimization: Who is victimized, by what crimes, and by whom? Who does or does not seek services, and why? Which victims report the crime to law enforcement, which do not, and why? How reliably are victims’ legal rights enforced across the Nation?” (OVC, 2013, p. 2) Data collection and monitoring of outcomes for services provided to victims can be improved without having to purchase new systems but rather through information sharing agreements. Sharing information on clients being helped will improve integrated responses and reduce the stress that victims experience having to complete a different background process, screening, and application with every agency that they encounter. There are existing data systems that can be used to share client need information and still comply with HIPAA requirements of confidentiality for victims. In Clark County, for example, many community service providers are already using the Homeless Management Information System (HMIS). This system can be accessed by system-based agencies to share information and track the needs of victims. Using a central case management system that can track outcomes, not just count the number of clients served, allows for improved information to guide funding and policy development at the higher level as well. Every jurisdiction must navigate different legislative privacy provisions, but research in other states and internationally shows that sharing information between and across a range of agencies is critical to integrating services and protecting victims. The most violent types of victimization experienced (e.g., domestic violence, child abuse, etc.) are complex issues often requiring the collaboration of multiple agencies. Sharing information between these agencies can be critical in making accurate assessments of risk for future victimization. Recommended Methodology for Data Collection and Reporting 85 To create or formalize a shared information system, it is recommended that funding be tied to participation in this system. In addition to sharing client information, true outcomes for victims, evaluation of effectiveness and accountability should also be central to the shared database. Research on best practices conducted in the United Kingdom and Australia highlight that shared data systems effectively measure successful partnership processes, in addition to their service delivery outcomes (Doyle, 2015; Ministry of Justice, 2013). Assessing service delivery across different partners allows for evaluation of the processes and identification of procedures that can be changed and improved. Many agencies and service providers may require training to understand how to track outcomes and the successes and challenges within their collaborative work. Many organizations also need trainings on how to use logic models and alternative outcomes to track success (i.e., moving beyond the number of victims served, which is the traditional measure required under VOCA funding reports). The State of Nevada has the chance to recommend a paradigm shift in data collection that can meet all three goals of the OVC report on transforming victim services. The first is to collect victim-related statistical data, the second is to evaluate the programs being offered (from the perspective of the victim, their family, as well as providers), and the third is to highlight evidence-based practices. Recommendation 1: Set new data goals Evaluation of programs and sharing information on best practices will lead to many improvements in current delivery of services to victims of crime. VOCA goals should include:  enhanced procedures by which staff and victims learn about the availability of programs;  increased awareness statewide of resources available for victims;  enhanced procedures for staff and victims to access services needed;  increased coordination among services and programs;  increased resources for service providers to learn about best practices in service delivery to patients;  new ways to identify services and programs needed;  increased collaboration to prevent duplication of services; 86  increase in quality of programs offered facilitated through improved systems for requesting, accessing, and managing assistance for victims;  identification and monitoring of barriers to accessing services;  identification and overcoming barriers to sharing information about victims; and  increased collaboration for accessing increased funding for programs. The current VOCA reporting requirements for agencies receiving funds tracks data primarily based on point of contact. The services provided are lumped generally into categories that share no true information into quality of services provided. For example, one category of service delivery from the VOCA reporting requirements is “3) emotional support and safety services (e.g., hotline counseling, on-scene crisis response, in-person crisis intervention, therapy/counseling, emergency financial assistance);”. There is little instruction or guidance on what these services entail, the level of training required to perform the services, the monitoring of training of people engaging in these services, minimum standards, professional oversight, and so on. Other states have recommended that funding agencies require a set of minimum standards, certifications or accreditations prior to receiving funds to serve victims (e.g., Maryland, see SAMS, 2016). The needs of Nevada’s victims often exceed available resources, and the state will remain unaware of how large that gap is if data and self-assessments are not used to identify those needs. Simply looking at rates of victimization and disbursement of agencies will not bring the depth of information required to adapt to changing needs or emerging victim populations. Nevada should follow the lead of other states that asked practical questions of their victims where they found that Victims of Crime Payment caps did not enable the victims to meet their needs. For example, in Maryland and California, surveys found that funeral costs were not covered by payment limits, leaving family members of homicide victims having to borrow money or arrange fundraisers to bury their loved ones. There are other needs that may or may not be compensable under victims of crime funding. Nevada needs to assess if victims have unmet needs in the following areas: child care to access victim service, reimbursement of wages lost due to accessing services or attending court,87 Recommendation 2: Regularly survey victims of crime stable housing, financial needs, transportation to access services, medical treatment, mental health services, and other potential issues. Surveys of victims also give real information on obstacles to using money provided for mental health treatment. Anecdotally, many Nevadans are aware that it is very hard to find a mental health provider for counseling. Knowing how critical therapy can be in the healing process, state funders should be very concerned that mental health provider staff does not know if they can or cannot accept VOCA payments. If the professionals who bill daily are confused, the clients will be even more so. In addition to improving communication about eligibility for assistance, the State needs to survey barriers to accessing services for which victims are eligible. Best practices in other countries have tied funding to continuous monitoring of outcomes through service agency self-evaluations and surveys of victims. Some alternative outcomes measured include feelings of safety, feelings of fear, quality of life, and confidence in accessing support – outcomes that move beyond coping with victimization to actually recovering from the harm that they experienced (Ministry of Justice, 2013). Some states have moved towards creating standardized intake protocol and procedures for some types of victims (e.g., human trafficking). This practice could be adopted across all victims. There have also been smaller movements towards improving screening tools used with victims to look for substance abuse, a common self-medicating coping strategy among traumatized people. If Nevada was to improve the information sharing process by encouraging agencies to use common systems like HMIS, it is a chance to develop and train for standardized screening and protocols. Recommendation 3: Create a standardized intake for victims with improved screening tools Screening should not be considered the same process as conducting a clinical assessment, and the tools used should not be considered equivalent tools. Screening tools are designed to be brief, catching indicators that would suggest further exploration. There are no screening tools that answer all questions about risk factors for victims. A successful screen 88 triggers more in-depth assessments by mental health and other professionals working with victims. Comprehensive screens will provide more detailed information to improve inter- agency collaboration, which when used by providers, improves victims’ access to services. It important that all service providers interacting with victims, screen and encourage those at risk to seek further assessment or treatment. VOCA research from California on repeat victimization shows that failing to access supportive services leads to collateral and cumulative consequences (Warnken, 2014). Victimization compounds other challenges such as poverty, inability to get work, unstable living conditions, parenting struggles, and other obstacles that lead to costs in other parts of our public system (e.g., criminal justice system, child protective services, social service costs, etc.). Research on youth in crisis with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health diagnoses were less likely to successfully complete programming (Kretschmar, et al., 2014). 89 7. Policy Recommendations This report will likely spark a conversation about Nevada’s service delivery to victims. More importantly, however, is that it may trigger the creation of a permanent monitoring, evaluation, and strategic planning process for service delivery to victims throughout the state. This part of the VOCA report was completed with minimal participation from service providers. Based on work done in other states, it is recommended that permanent state- level planning processes be created that includes all state agencies, VOCA grant recipients, all service agencies working with victims, victim coalitions or task forces looking at emerging concerns, and victims willing to share their experiences. Only comprehensive groups like that can thoroughly and successfully monitor and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of service delivery in Nevada. Real data on outcomes from grants and programs should be openly discussed to assess and change existing shortfalls. These recommendations build on the three data recommendations from the previous section. The State of Nevada has the ability to increase outreach and raise awareness about resources for victims relatively easily by improving their website. Outreach is a challenge for all states, but Nevada can adopt strategies employed in other states to better serve its victims. For example, the State website should include an up-to-date list of resources available for victims with links to those resources and information on how to apply for assistance. The State could improve awareness by using social media strategies to reach underserved or hard to reach populations. The State could also develop public service announcements to increase awareness about services available to victims. Finally, the State Recommendation 4. Increase outreach to victims 90 could participate in existing collaborations including task forces and faith-based initiatives to expand outreach and training opportunities. Recommendation 5. Use technology to improve victims’ access to information and services The State of Nevada’s online VOCA information does not match the agencies receiving funds. State agencies must take the leadership role in providing current, correct, and easy- to-access information for victims. The State can also provide support to other service providers to update and standardize websites. VOCA funding should be used to modernize the VOCA individual application process. Forms are still mailed in to an anonymous mailbox for processing, and there is no way for victims to check on the status of their application. This entire process should be computerized so that victims have the easiest time possible with the process. Nevada should also use technology to provide training and information on VOCA resources to service providers and victims. Training and technical support could be available in multiple languages for victims. Other states have recommended the use of social media strategies to reach a broader group of victims. Technology can also be used to expand services to victims and create new programs for rural areas and for high need communities currently underserved. Existing programs could explore expanding their services through satellite offices and telemedicine. Research indicates that both systems and community service providers would benefit from centralized training in a number of different areas. Staff across different types of agencies often need training on the VOCA funding available, state requirements, and filing procedures. Recommendation 6. Create training programs for all service providers Best practices from other jurisdictions show a movement towards integrated responses to victims. Each service agency tends to be a bit myopic, focusing only on their customary services, but training that explains the diverse needs of victims could improve both 91 providing coordinated responses and obstacles to accessing services. Returning a victim to stability may be far more complex than just navigating the criminal justice system, and all service providers should understand the potential need for trauma therapy, medical attention, transitional housing, education, addiction screening and treatment, employment support, family support, and other supportive services. Meeting only one need when victims are in crisis in a different area can be ineffective, and training on the complexity of restoring victims will help agencies understand their successes and failures. When organizations get grant funds from VOCA to provide counseling and therapy, there is no mechanism to confirm that minimum training requirements are met for these providers. Assessing whether this standard is being met or hosting statewide trainings for service providers would improve service delivery to victims. VOCA assessments in other states have found that while 91% of service agencies reported using formal procedures and protocols, when agency staff were surveyed, they were not aware of certification or accreditation requirements, trainings, or agency-led opportunities (SAMS, 2016). This research found that staff from even the highest preforming agencies requested more access to training to improve quality, continuity, and reporting of performance outcomes. Based on publicly available information, it is not clear whether or not staff in systems agencies and community-based agencies have adequate information on how VOCA is available to assist victims. Recommendations from other states are that staff receive training on the different sources of funding and assistance and be able to explain the differences. It is also recommended that staff should understand what types of expenses can be covered by other sources (e.g., medical coverage, employee benefits, social service agencies, etc.). It is very important that staff is aware of the deadlines for filing applications. It is incumbent on the administrators of VOCA that they ensure service providers upon whom the victims are relying know how the system works. Victims in crisis rely heavily on this assistance. 92 Recommendation 7. Nevada must develop and enact a statewide strategic plan for transforming victim services The State of Nevada has a chance to improve service delivery by championing a more cooperative and integrated system of services. The State can build capacity in services by providing support for grant writing and partnering different groups together for collaborative applications. There is also an important championship role that can be filled in identifying policies that need to be developed and statutory changes to be requested to benefit victims and groups delivering services throughout the state. Agencies that provide direct services are often overwhelmed with the day-to-day urgent needs of their victims and rarely have the chance to look at the system in its entirety to suggest improvements. Grant writing is a huge burden on smaller agencies. It is important for the larger agencies disbursing grants like VOCA money to be very transparent in the reasons why some groups get funded when others do not. For example, if Nevada is to match the national VOCA human trafficking prioritization of funds, it would be helpful to be very open about why the five agencies in Clark County that have a history of delivering services to trafficking victims were all turned down (e.g., The Embracing Project, Salvation Army’s Seeds of Hope, Purple Wings, Yap Inc., and Destiny House) whereas the newer program in Reno that serves a much smaller population was funded. The State of Nevada should develop new pathways to access services that are both inside and outside of the criminal justice system. This blending of different services and bringing together new partnerships and collaborations was discussed above, but the State has an important leadership in this system change. Below are some best practices for developing and enacting a statewide strategic planning process for improving resources available to victims of crime throughout Nevada: • identify stakeholders and key players who can identify needs and resources to improve access; • create goals and objectives so Nevada can measure improvement and change in services available to victims; • coordinate data so that Nevada can use the resources that exist the most efficiently; 93 • use data to increase funding coming into Nevada for victims of crime; • meet Vision 21 objectives to permanently change service delivery to victims; • share information on victims, resources, policies, and best practices to develop well-coordinated service delivery to victims; • incorporate the voice and experience of victims into the decision-making process; • support the prevention of crime; and • create flexibility in the system to respond to underserved populations. 94 Conclusion First, the above Nevada SWOT Analysis highlights the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the Nevada victims of crime programs. Overall, Nevada has made successful changes including forming partnerships, providing resources, and advocacy lists, and the State has begun to collect and analyze data that can be used to help create long-term policies for crime victims in the future. The strengths of the Nevada Victims of Crime programs are that: 1) current program goals largely match national VOCA priorities; 2) there are multiple task forces working on victim- of-crime related issues; 3) data is accessible that provides rates of victimization in Nevada; 4) state leadership has a capacity to start and make necessary changes; and 5) there are resources currently available throughout the state. Some of the weaknesses of the Nevada VOCA program includes: 1) a discrepancy between VOCA fund distribution and state-level victimization patterns; 2) accessibility of services for victims is limited by transportation, timeliness of services, language barriers, disability accessibility, and incomplete/incorrect online service information; 3) unavailable (or unknown) trauma-informed practices; 4) lack of analysis on whether victim benefits cover actual victim needs; 5) lack of reaching out/responding to underserved populations; 6) lack of strategic assessment on cultural sensitivity among victim service providers; and 7) lack of strategic self-assessment on agency goals and service delivery. Opportunities to enhance and strengthen Nevada victim services include: 1) the ability to build effective partnerships; 2) the ability to routinely survey service providers that 95 includes victim input; and 3) a chance to keep an updated resource list for victims and providers to access online and in print. Threats for victim service delivery in Nevada that were noted include a: 1) lack of outcome data for legislative and policy development; 2) lack of statewide strategic plan to evaluate intermediate and long-term program success; 3) lack of a statewide strategic plan to identify and remove barriers for all victims primarily those identifying with underserved populations; 4) and competitive nature of applying for and securing VOCA funding in Nevada. Second, in comparing Nevada data collection and reporting schemes to national standards and “best practices,” there are areas for improvement: 1) the “silo” effect associated with different data systems in Nevada; 2) Nevada data should be more transparent and available; and, 3) victim advocate information should be reported/shared with community-based agencies as well as with mental health providers and other victim- centered entities. This can be done while still protecting the privacy of victims. Recommendations for data collection and reporting include a push to continue to monitor outcomes for victim services. Additionally, reporting and sharing information would help to track the needs of victims. Assessing service delivery across different agencies as well as different victim populations is also recommended. These can be achieved by: 1) setting new data goals; 2) regularly surveying (via quantitative and qualitative approaches) victims of crime; 3) create standardized intake forms; 4) increase outreach to victims (and remove any barriers in place); 5) make consistent online VOCA information with agency/provider information; 6) create and make widely available training programs for all service providers (including culturally competent and cultural sensitivity training for underserved populations); and lastly, 7) work collaboratively with agencies, service providers, and victims to develop a statewide strategic plan for transforming victim services. 96 About the Authors This report has been prepared by Strategic Progress, LLC., Strategic Progress, led by Cyndy Ortiz Gustafson, MA, specializes in the design and implementation of large scale public policy initiatives, research, data analytics, strategic financing of public programs and projects, and evaluation. www.strategicprogress.com The lead authors on the report are Dr. M. Alexis Kennedy, Director of the University of Nevada (UNLV) Legal and Social Issues Lab and her team which includes Dr. Emily Trosynski and Tereza Trejbalova. M. Alexis Kennedy is an Associate Professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Her areas of research interest include trauma, child abuse, sexual assault, exploitation through prostitution, and domestic violence. She has been published in numerous journals such as the Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, and the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Dr. Kennedy received her Ph.D. in Forensic Psychology from the University of British Columbia, Canada in 2004. Her doctoral dissertation on cross-cultural perceptions of child abuse won two American Psychological Association Awards (Divisions 37 and 41) and a Canadian Psychological Association Laureate. Dr. Kennedy has testified in court, spoken throughout the United States, and is quoted frequently in the media on issues of exploitation and abuse. Dr. Kennedy has received grants to study crime in Clark County, Nevada, and has led a number of task forces. She was the facilitator for the Southern Nevada Sex Offender Management Task Force and has been involved in the Southern Nevada Human Trafficking task force since its inception in 2006. Her work in Clark County has included Juvenile Justice Girls Research at the Clark County juvenile detention center and in specialty family courts, juvenile division. She is currently an appointed member of the Governor’s Nevada Coalition to Prevent the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children. She also received in 2016 a $623,000 grant from the National Institute of Justice to study human trafficking in Las Vegas. She is an active mentor to UNLV students and a number of nonprofit organizations both locally and nationally. Emily Troshynski received a M.Sc. in Sociology from The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and a Ph.D. in Criminology, Law, and Society from the University of California, Irvine (UCI). While finishing her Ph.D., Troshynski also completed a graduate feminist emphasis (GFE) from the Department of Women’s Studies at UCI. Troshynski’s research interests include understanding the social causes of deviance, violence, and victimization. Particularly, Troshynski’s research examines differences and similarities in the experiences, interpretations, and consequences of gendered violence (i.e., sex crimes, domestic abuse, intimate partner violence) as well as justice responses to them. Currently, Troshynski is working on a collaborative interdisciplinary research project that examines courthouse centers assisting self-represented litigants with civil domestic violence restraining orders. Her research has been published in Trends in Organized Crime, 97 International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, and Theoretical Criminology. Her work has also appeared in The Handbook of Critical Criminology (Routledge, 2011/2016), The Handbook on the Psychology of Violence (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), Women, War, and Violence (Elsevier-Academic, 2014), and The Routledge Companion to Criminological Theory and Concepts (Routledge, 2016). As a Professor at UNLV, Troshynski teaches introductory courses on criminal justice; interdisciplinary perspectives of law, politics, and society; and upper-division courses in criminological theory, women and crime, gender and crime, and surveillance and social control. Tereza Trejbalova is a doctoral student in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Her research interests include victimization and international comparisons of the death penalty. Her Master’s degree was in International Studies at the University of Nevada, Reno. She is an international student from Czech Republic. Partners on the 2016 VOCA systems change project include Reset Management Consultants, Innovative Research and Analysis, Sectorlytics, the University of Nevada Reno’s Department of Political Science, the UNLV School of Public Policy and Leadership, and the Applied Research and Policy Institute. The Applied Research and Policy Institute (ARPI) is a research and policy institute located on the campus of the University of Nevada Reno (UNR) and in partnership with UNR and the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV). The goal of the ARPI is to advance data driven public policy research, innovation and analysis with a focus on state and local systems change. ARPI provided research and analytics support to this project. 98 References Anda, R. F., Fleisher, V. I., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Whitfield, C. L., Dube, S. R., & Williamson, D. F. (2004). 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Changes to VOCA Previous Federal VOCA Program Guidelines Changes Proposed in 2013 and Amended VOCA in FY 2014 Used Codified Program Regulations Term used to describe entity receiving VOCA was “State ” or “Direct Grantee” is “State Administering Agency” (SAA) No mention of “pass-through” funds No definition of “child abuse” of harms to children. (see Endnote) For included victims of federal crimes, survivors of homicide victims, victims of assault, robbery, gang violence, hate and bias crimes, victims of DUI/DWI drivers, victims of bank robberies, economic exploitation and fraud, and elder abuse. DUI/DI crashes, survivors of homicide victims, victims of physical assault, adults molested as children, victims of elder abuse, hate and bias crimes, kidnapping, child victims and adult survivors of child pornography, child victims of sex trafficking, victims of violent crimes in high crime areas, Previously Underserved Underserved 10% funding. Each state grantee must meet this requirement, unless it can demonstrate to OVC that: (1) a "priority" category is currently receiving significant amounts of financial assistance from the state or other funding sources; (2) a smaller amount of financial assistance, or no assistance, is needed from the VOCA victim assistance grant program; and (3) crime rates for a "priority" category have diminished. now includes the following: unless the Director approves a different allocation, pursuant to a written request from the agency that demonstrates (to the satisfaction of the Director) that: Exception to Priority and Underserved (1) a "priority" category is currently receiving significant amounts of financial assistance from the state or other sources; (2) a smaller amount of financial assistance, or no assistance, is needed for a particular priority category or previously underserved victims from the VOCA victim assistance grant program; or (3) crime rates for a priority category do not Program Guidelines did not specify or mandate a competitive awards process. award funds through a competitive process, including long-term and/or ongoing projects Competitive Award Process. did not Reporting Requirements Program Guidelines       Now uses Term used to describe entity receiving VOCA Grantee      (94.102) Clarifies that SAA may award VOCA funds to another organization to distribute (94.103) Creation of definition to cover a broad range terms/definitions (section 94.102). Previously Underserved      includes victims of Exception to Priority and and LGBTQ victims (94.105). justify the required allocation (94.105). Competitive Award Process. (94.105). Each SAA shall Reporting Requirements        now requires 104 “Other Reports” where OVC may request that Monitoring.     (94.106). Now requires SAA to develop a Faith-Based Entities.   (94.107). . Now requires SAA to neighborhood organizations (94.108). Baseline for Administration.      Now, if a state include additional or future reporting. SAA submit supplemental information Program Guidelines did not address State Grantee monitoring of Sub grantees. 1) monitoring plan, 2) conduct on-site monitoring (minimum of once every 2 years), 3) maintain records/documents monitoring, 4) submit an alternative monitoring plan Monitoring. Program Guidelines briefly addressed funding to religiously-affiliated organizations. ensure that sub-recipients comply with all applicable federal rules governing use of federal funding by faith-based and Faith-Based Entities Program Guidelines failed to address the required State Grantee baseline for administrative costs. administering agency uses VOCA funds for administrative costs, it shall— Establish and document a baseline level of non-VOCA funding required to administer the state victim assistance program prior to expending VOCA funds for administrative Baseline for Administration. organizations. The match for new or existing VOCA Sub recipients that are Native American tribes/organizations located on reservations is 5% (cash or in- kind) of the total VOCA project. American Indian tribes and tribal organizations. Sub-recipients that are federally recognized American Indian or Alaska Native tribes, or projects that operate on reservations of federally- recognized tribes, are not required to contribute to the . Emergency legal assistance such as filing restraining orders and obtaining emergency custody/visitation rights when such actions are directly connected to family violence cases and are taken to ensure the health and safety of the victim was allowable. includes a provision under the sub-recipient allowable and unallowable costs provisions. VOCA funds may be used outside of the context of an emergency, for reasonable legal assistance services where the need for such arises as a direct result of a person’s victimization, including pro bono legal clinics and civil legal services. Legal Assistance for crime victims Counseling. Sub-recipients cannot knowingly use VOCA funds to offer rehabilitative services to offenders. Likewise, VOCA funds Added a provision specifically allowing for VOCA-funded victim service providers to serve incarcerated individuals, provided that Services to incarcerated individuals costs (94.111). American Indian tribes and tribal Legal Assistance for crime victims     . Now Perpetrator Rehabilitation and     . the incarcerated individual is a victim, the 105 total cost of a VOCA- funded project (94.116). service addresses issues directly arising from Transitional Housing     incarcerated. Allows states the is related to the individual’s victimization. Relocation Expenses      Relocation expenses startup. cannot support services to incarcerated individuals, even when the service pertains to the victimization of that individual. the victimization, and the need for such services does not directly arise from the crime for which that individual was for victims was never mentioned. Transitional housing. flexibility to permit sub-recipients to provide transitional housing to victims, and would permit the state to set limits on time and types of victims that might be eligible for such housing to the extent that such housing for victims was never mentioned. Yet, VOCA funds could have been used to support staff time in locating resources to assist victims with relocating. for crime victims must be reasonable, and may include, but are not limited to, moving expenses, security deposits on housing, rental and mortgage assistance, and utility Relocation Expenses. psychological health and safety never mentioned. Immediate physical and psychological health and safety. Services that respond to the immediate emotional, psychological and physical needs have been expanded to include safety planning; definition of short- term (45 days); window, door, and lock replacement or repair; emergency costs of non-prescription and prescription medicine, prophylactic treatment to prevent HIV/AIDS infection, durable medical equipment (such as wheel chairs, crutches, hearing aids, eyeglasses), and other health care items are allowed when the state’s compensation program, the victim’s (or in the case of a minor child, the victim’s parent’s or guardian’s) health insurance plan, Medicaid, or other health care funding source cannot provide for these expenses within 48 hours criminal justice proceedings was never mentioned. Facilitation of participation in criminal justice proceedings. Added transportation, meals, and lodging to allow victims who are not witnesses to participate in the criminal justice system and assistance in recovering never Forensic interviews. Immediate physical and of the crime. property retained as evidence. Forensic interviews     Added funding may be 106 Facilitation of participation in used for forensic interviews of children and management, and mental health purposes. Coordination Added activities mentioned. adults only when the results of the interview will be used not only for law enforcement and prosecution purposes, but also for social services, personal advocacy, case efforts (including, but not limited to, serving on state, federal, local, or Native American task forces, commissions, working groups, coalitions, and/or multi- disciplinary teams) qualify an organization to receive VOCA victim assistance funds, but are not activities that can be supported with VOCA funds. that facilitate the provision of direct services are allowable, including but not limited to, statewide coordination for victim notification systems, crisis response teams, multidisciplinary teams, and other such programs. VOCA funds may be used to support the salaries and benefits of such coordinators. Coordination of activities. Also, added a section on Multisystem, Interagency, Multidisciplinary Responses to Crime Victims where VOCA funds may be used for activities that support a coordinated and comprehensive response to crime victims. Also, added another section on Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) and Other Similar Volunteer Trainings where VOCA direct service funds may be used to provide instruction to CASA/volunteers on Evaluations, Studies. VOCA program funds may not be used to pay for efforts conducted by individuals, organizations, task forces, or special commissions to study and/or research particular crime victim issues. VOCA funds to support evaluations of specific victim service projects (94.119). Project evaluation. how to advocate for victims. Needs Assessments, Surveys, Sub-recipients may use Victim of child abuse means a victim of crime, where such crime involved an act or omission considered child abuse under the law of the jurisdiction of the relevant state administering agency. Victims of child abuse may include, but are not limited to, victims of crime involving child physical, sexual, or emotional abuse; victims of child pornography related offenses; victims of child neglect; victims of commercial sexual exploitation of children; and children who are exposed to or witness violence. 107 Appendix B – Primary Service Providers for Nevada Victims Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Advocates to End www.aedv.org   Victims of domestic Crisis, Info, Legal,   2017 Domestic Violence violence        Therapy Location: Legal Advocacy Address: 885 E. Musser St., Suite 3003, Carson City NV, 89701 Phone: 775-884-1886 Crisis Phone: 24 Hour Crisis Call Line at 775-883-7654 Program Information: AEDV operates a 51-bed shelter and provides services to protect and support battered women and their children in the community. This organization also provides crisis intervention, budgeting classes, teen dating violence prevention, and interpersonal classes. They also provide court advocacy, parenting, and other support. AEDV’s support group is open to the organization’s clients as well as the community. Clients are required to attend group support sessions. The support group offers mutual support to male and female adult victims of domestic violence. Teenagers are invited to attend the support group on a case-by-case basis. Anywhere from 3 to 25 individuals may attend the support group at once. The support group is offered two times weekly and reservations are not required. These services are offered free of charge. Childcare is provided for participants. Group times are offered on Wednesday evenings, from 5:00PM to 6:00PM and on Fridays from 12:00PM to 1:00PM. A licensed therapist facilitates the Wednesday class and a peer counselor facilitates the Friday class. According to the AEDV website, 772 survivors participated in groups and counseling services in 2014. Number of clients served: 772 in 2014 Alliance for Victims’ Rights www.avrnv.org None directly Outreach Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Program Information: Bridges the gap between victims of crime, local resources, and public awareness. Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served   Services funding Alternative To Living In Violent www.facebook.co Men, women        Crisis Environments (A.L.I.V.E) m/AliveDomestic            and children Location: 400 N Main St Ste. A, Yerington, NV 89447 Phone: 775-463-5843 Crisis Phone/Hotline: 800-453-4009 108 Violence/  Program Information: ALIVE is an organization for Domestic Violence located in Lyon County. Alive stands for Alternative to Living in a Violent Environment. ALIVE has two shelters for victims of Domestic Violence and a hotline. Number of clients served: Unknown Awaken Reno        http://awakenreno.org              Youth         Crisis, Casework,         2017 Outreach Name Website Victims Types of Services VOCA Served funding Location: Drop in center is at 4th Street & Spokane Street, Reno, NV 89152 Program Information: Awaken opened a drop-in center in January 2016 for victims of human trafficking. They provide case management, basic needs and community outreach. Number of clients served: Approximately 50 youth a year CASA Court Appointed Special Advocates Name Website Victims Served Family Court Types of Services VOCA funding County) Carson City Lyon County PO Box 242, Yerington, NV 89447 775-246-1850 Locations: http://www.casaofcc.org 1545 E. 5th Street, Carson City, NV 89701 775-882-6776 Northeastern Nevada P. O. Box 1543, Elko, NV 89803 775-934-7636 See below                 Children involved in Casework               2017 (Pioneer Churchill County http://churchillcounty.org 73 North Maine, Suite B, Fallon, Nevada 89406 775-423-6888 ex 255 Pioneer Territory 1321 S. Highway 160, Suite 9A, Pahrump, NV 89048 775-513-9514 Clark County http://www.casalasvegas.org 601 North Pecos Road, Las Vegas, NV 89101 Phone: 702-455-4306 Tri-County CASA P.O. Box 1338, Winnemucca, NV 89445- 3228 (775) 623-2328 Douglas County P. O. Box 218, Minden, NV 89423 775-782-6247 http://www.douglascountynv.gov/sites/c asa/contact.cfm Washoe County 75 Court St., Suite 214, Reno, NV 89501 775-328-3298 http://washoecasafoundation.com 109  Program Information: Trained volunteers provide advocacy for children involved in the Family Court system. Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Child Abuse & Neglect      http://www.canpreventnv            Public           Outreach         2017 Prevention Task Force .org Email: info@canpreventnv.org Program Information: Online information and community outreach. Online 990 says that they provide preschool for young victims of child abuse. Clark County Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Legal http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/district Adult Men Info, District -attorney/vwac/Pages/default.aspx                and Women          Casework, Location: 200 Lewis Ave., Las Vegas, NV, 89155 Phone: 702-671-2525 Program Information: The Victim/Witness Assistance Center (VWAC) is dedicated to assisting victims and witnesses through the criminal prosecution system. Clients are often notified when a case is filed with the District Attorney’s office, then are offered an advocate throughout the process. Number of clients served: Unknown Attorney Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Clark County http://www.clarkcountycourts.us/ej Adult Men &   Legal Family Court dc/courts-and-judges/family.html         Women, Families Location: 1900 E. Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119 Phone: 702-455-1500 Program Information: Programs help people with divorce, annulment, child custody, visitation rights, child support, spousal support, community property division, name changes, adoption, and abuse and neglect. Clark County Family Court (Spanish) 702-455-2500 El Tribunal de la familia ayuda a la gente con el divorcio, la anulación, la custodia de los hijos, régimen de visitas, pensión alimenticia, apoyo a los cónyuges, división de propiedad comunitaria, cambios de nombre, adopción, y el abuso y el abandono. 110 Family Court Protection Orders 702-455-3400 Reduces acts of domestic abuse in our community by providing assistance with the filing of protection orders applications, information regarding court-related procedures, safety planning, and community awareness of domestic violence issues. Number of clients served: Unknown Clark County Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Legal http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/fa Children Crisis, Info,   2017 Family Services mily-services/Pages/default.aspx              Casework, Location: 121 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89106 Phone: 702-455-5444 Hotline: 702-399-0081 Program Information: Clark County services received all child abuse reports. According to their website, in FY2015, they received a monthly average of 1,968 calls on the hotline, resulting in 919 investigations conducted by Child Protective Services. Nearly 3,000 children in Clark County on any given day are living under CPS care outside of their homes. Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Casework, Legal Clark County http://www.clarkcountynv.g      Children   Info,  2017 grant Juvenile Justice ov/jjs/Pages/default.aspx Location: 601 North Pecos Road, Las Vegas, NV 89101 Phone: 702-455-5225 Program Information: Manages youth ages 18 and under involved in delinquency and truancy. Some clinical services are provided in-house such as assessments and group work. Services Children’s        www.childrenscabinet.org            Families,         Therapy,         2017 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Casework Cabinet Children Location: 1090 South Rock Blvd., Reno, NV 89502 Phone: 775-856-6200 Program Information: Childcare subsidy assistance, parenting classes, family counseling Additional Information: Annual Report: http://www.childrenscabinet.org/wp- content/uploads/2014-Annual-Report1.pdf Number of clients served: 11,000 individuals helped 111 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Men and Women City      http://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/portal/face Adult Legal Attorney/Las s/home/our-city/oc-government/g- Vegas Victim departments/dpt-attorney?_adf.ctrl- Witness state=bf1azxe9c_223&_afrLoop=109636953 Advocates 6298305 Location: 495 Main Street, Las Vegas, NV 89101 Phone: 702-229-2525 Program Information: The City Attorney’s Office oversees all legal aspects of the city from the drafting of ordinances and legal opinions to the supervision of special counsel and the prosecution of violations including DUIs, drug offenses, domestic violence and traffic offenses that take place within Las Vegas city limits. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of Services VOCA Served funding Casework, Legal, Therapy, Outreach Committee      www.elkoharborhouse.c Domestic         Crisis, Info,       2017 Against Domestic Violence om/            violence victims & their children Location: P.O. Box 2531, Elko, Nevada 89803 Phone: Office: 775-738-6524, Toll Free: 1-888-738-9454 Crisis/Hotline: 775-738-9454 Program Information: The purpose of this community-based organization is to prevent and eliminate domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking through direct services to victims, education, and prevention. Services include 24-hour hotline, crisis intervention, shelter, creating options for victims in Elko (COVE), peer counseling, victim advocacy, legal advocacy, recovery program, outreach, and education and prevention. Harbor House provides individual peer counseling and a weekly support group to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. Peer counseling sessions provide information and education on the cycle of abuse. The support group provides a safe place for victims to share their experiences and is facilitated by an advocate. Participants include Harbor House residents, former residents, current victims, and survivors. Women, men, and teenagers are eligible to receive Harbor House’s services. If a victim is under the age of 18, they must bring in a signed release form from their parent/guardian to receive services. If the abuser is the parent/guardian, staff members will defer to the director and proceed as directed. All services are provided free of charge. A staff member estimated that 500 survivors receive counseling services at CADV. Women are the primary population CADV serves. 112 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Committee https://www.facebook.com/pages Domestic            Info Against Domestic /Lander-County-Committee- violence Violence Battle Against-Domestic- victims Mountain Violence/170177992995924 Location: 535 S Humboldt St, Battle Mountain, Nevada 89820 Crisis/Hotline: 775-635-2500 Program Information: Provides referral services for women, men, and children who are victims of domestic violence. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Therapy Committee to Aid www.caaw.org Men, women and Crisis, Info, Legal, 2017 Abused Women children Location: 1735 Vassar St, Reno, NV 89502 Phone: 775-329-4150 Crisis/Hotline: 775-329-4150 Program Information: The Committee to Aid Abused Women (CAAW) is a northern Nevada nonprofit organization that provides free confidential services in an effort to bring an end to family violence in Washoe County. CAAW provides individuals and families with a step-by- step path to safer and healthier living through individualized service plans as well as the caring support victims need. CAAW is the area’s leading provider of services to those experiencing family violence. CAAW provides temporary shelter. Families who reside in the shelter may stay for up to 60 days. CAAW provides emergency transportation and food assistance to victims and survivors of DV. Clothing assistance is also available to victims and survivors. CAAW’s Transitional Housing Program provides up to 36 months of subsidized housing for families committed to breaking the cycle of intergenerational violence. The program provides staff support to individuals who have completed a residential program (like CAAW’s Emergency Shelter program), have an income (i.e. employment, TANF, SSI, child support) and have made a commitment to live free from violence. CAAW serves victims of domestic violence. All of CAAW’s services are provided free of charge. Women, men, and teenagers are eligible to receive advocate-led counseling services. Play therapy is available to child residents of the Emergency Shelter. To access CAAW’s services, individuals may contact the organization by phone or can walk-in. A brief intake process is required. CAAW offers weekly, advocate-facilitated support groups in both English and Spanish. The English group occurs weekly on Thursday evenings from 7PM to 8:30PM. The Spanish group takes places Tuesday mornings from 10AM to 11:30AM. 113 For the month of August in 2016, 51 clients participated in CAAW’s support groups. Clients can opt to participate in advocate-led individual sessions as well. Last, advocates assist in connecting clients to licensed therapists with outside agencies. Advocates referred 140 clients to receive outside counseling for the month of August 2016. The number of clients CAAW serves at its main office was reported by a staff member to be 513. Demographic information for the population for race was as follows: 213 classified themselves as White, 177 as Hispanic, 70 did not report race information, 25 classified themselves as African American, 17 as Native American, 7 as Asian, and 4 as Pacific Islander. For gender, 510 clients were females and 3 were male. For age, the demographic was reported as: 1 client in the 0-17 age range, 30 clients in the 18-24 age range, 394 clients in the 25-59 age range, 41 clients over the age of 60, and 47 clients did not provide their age. Number of clients served: 513 in 2015 https://communitychestnev Youth and victims of Therapy,       2017 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Community Chest ada.net/               domestic violence         Outreach Location & Phone: 991 S C Street (Victim Advocate Unit), Virginia City, NV 89440 Phone: 775-847-9311 OR 175 E. Carson Street, Suite A, Virginia City, NV 89440 Phone: 775-847-0414 Program Information: Health and Wellness HUB Programs and Domestic Violence Advocacy offers individual and group therapy that addresses trauma, grief, substance abuse, domestic violence, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other issues related to mental health. Cost of therapy is based on a sliding scale fee based on income and what the client can afford. According to annual report in 2014 they partnered with District Attorney’s Office to improve victim services and complied a Domestic Violence Audit. The also provide counseling services to victims of domestic violence. Community Chest offers a support group serving adult women regarding the issues of depression and anxiety on Monday evenings from 5:30PM to 6:30PM. Two licensed therapists facilitate this group. Individual counseling sessions facilitated by licensed therapists are also provided and is the most common form of therapy provided. Individual counseling is open to all ages and genders. Community Chest serves, on average, 50 victims on a weekly basis. The Community Chest is able to provide counseling to victims free of charge due to funding from the VOCA grant. For non-victims, cost of therapy is based on a sliding scale fee based on income and what the client can afford. Community Chest is also Medicaid authorized. Annual Report: https://communitychestnv.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/cci-2014- annual-report.pdf 114 Number of clients served: Roughly 2,000 clients in total but approximately 250 victims of violence. Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Therapy Crisis Call Center www.crisiscallce Adult victims of       Crisis, Outreach,      2017 nter.org        sexual assault Location: 900 N Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557 Phone: 24-Hour Crisis Hotline: 775-784-8090 or 800-992-5757 Text support, text “answer” to 839863 Program Information: Crisis Call Center’s 24-hour crisis line often serves as the first point of contact for individuals who are seeking help, support, and information. Crisis can affect anyone at any time. The need for emotional support or referral assistance is something most individuals encounter at some point in their lives. Staff and volunteers are available 24/7/365 to help individuals discover the skills and resources that they uniquely possess that allow them to develop solutions to maximize self-sufficiency. Services are provided through the Sexual Assault Support Services program (SASS), which is accessed through the same hotline number. The SASS advocacy team provides immediate crisis intervention services for survivors of sexual assault, their family members, and friends. The SASS program can provide information regarding medical treatment and reporting to law enforcement. They assist with referrals for financial assistance and long-term counseling services. All services provided by the SASS program are free and confidential. Crisis Call Center offers a support group for adult survivors of sexual assault. A licensed Marriage and Family Therapist facilitates the group. Services are provided free of charge and the program is limited to adults. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Casework Consolidated www.cahsnv.org/p/s Families of victims of   Info,   2017 Agencies of Human ervices.html          sexual assault and Services domestic violence Location: P.O. Box 331, Hawthorne, NV 89415 Phone: 775-945-2471 Program Information: Consolidated Agencies of Human Services (CAHS) focuses on proving services to families to end sexual assault and domestic violence. The organization offers advocate-led peer counseling for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault when they initially contact CAHS for services. Individuals can request CAHS’s services by phone or walking in. Clients are required to fill out an application for service. Women, men, and teenagers are eligible to receive services. However, if victims are under the age of 18, they must come in with their parent or guardian to receive services. With the exception of 115 the initial peer counseling at intake, CAHS does not provide in-house mental health treatment to clients, but may provide referrals. A staff member estimated that between 39 and 100 DV victims are assisted by CAHS annually. Estimates for the number of sexual assault victims were confidential. The primary populations that CAHS serves are women and men. A staff member reported that the number of male victims the organization assists is increasing. Number of clients served: 39 – 100 victims of violence a year among their clientele Name Website Types of Services Victims VOCA Served funding Department of Child and http://dcfs.nv.gov          Children      Crisis, Info, Casework, Family Services Legal, Therapy Location: 4344 West Cheyenne Ave, North Las Vegas, NV 89032-2484 Phone: 702-715-1182 or 702-430-0745 Program Information: The state agency that provides child protective services in all counties except Washoe or Clark. They also provide juvenile justice services and mental health treatment for children who need placement outside of the home. Number of clients served: 409 children in child protective care outside of home in 2014 Annual Report: http://dcfs.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/dcfsnvgov/content/Tips/Reports/APSR%202015%20FI NAL.pdf Name Website Victims Served exiting sex trafficking Types of VOCA Services funding request unfunded Destiny House          http://www.hookersforjesus.net/desti         Women        Casework      VOCA ny-house/ Location: N/A, Las Vegas NV Phone: 702-715-1182 or 702-430-0745 Program Information: Provides 12 months of free accommodations and support for women exiting the sex industry or sex trafficking. Number of clients served: up to 30 women Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Therapy Domestic Violence      https://www.facebook. Men, women          Crisis, Info,         2017 Intervention, Inc. com/dvi89406/               and children Location: 485 W. B. St Ste 106 Fallon, NV 89406 Phone: 775-423-1313 Crisis Line: 775-427-1500 116  Program Information: This nonprofit program operates a shelter, provides emergency motel stays, hosts support groups, peer counseling, community awareness, and a 24/7 crisis line. They also assist clients through community referrals. DVI provides support groups and peer counseling to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. To access DVI’s services, clients may call the 24-hour hotline or be referred by law enforcement agencies. Walk-ins are also accepted. There is no application paperwork required to access services, but an intake must be completed to access shelter services. All services are provided free of charge. Any adult victim is eligible to receive assistance at DVI. Teenagers are only eligible to receive service when accompanied by a parent or guardian. DVI hosts an advocate-led support group that emphasizes active participation on Tuesday nights from 6:30PM to 8PM. Advocate-led individual counseling is also available. Last, crisis intervention is offered on-site of violent incidents. A staff member reported that for fiscal year 2015, Domestic Violence Intervention provided services to 611 individuals, most of which were women. Number of clients served: 611 individuals in 2015 www.eddyhouse.org At-risk youth            Crisis         2017 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Eddy House Location and Phone: P.O. Box 6207, Reno, NV 89513-6207 OR the YOU, 423 East 6th Street, Reno, NV 89512, the YOU Direct: 775-384-1129, YOU Administration Direct: 775-686-6244 Program Information: Provides homeless, runaway, foster, and other at-risk youth the opportunity to reach their full potential as healthy individuals through a continuum of programs and services in Northern Nevada. Clients can apply through the website renoyouthnetwork.com Number of clients served: Unknown Additional Information: https://www.facebook.com/theeddyhouse Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding The unfunded http://www.theembracingproje Young Adults, Info, VOCA Embracing ct.org/             Women, Children, Casework,            request Project Families Legal Location: 3230 E. Charleston Blvd., # 117, Las Vegas, Nevada 89104 Phone: 702-463-6929 Program Information: Embracing project provides services to youth caught in violent situations throughout the Las Vegas Valley. The majority of the victims that they serve are minor victims of human trafficking. They provide case management, court advocacy, basic needs, education, transportation, and group therapy to approximately 200 girls each year. Staff accompany human trafficking victims to court both on their juvenile charges as well as to adult court when they have to testify against their traffickers. The Center for Peace drop- 117 in center opened in 2013. The Embracing Project also does group therapy with juvenile boys incarcerated in the adult detention center in Las Vegas. Outreach and community education is also conducted by The Embracing Project Staff. Number of clients served: 300-350 youth per year Treatment (FACT) Name Website Victims Types of VOCA funding Served Services Family and Child       http://www.factsnv.org/     Families, Therapy,         2017 Children             Outreach Location: 8080 West Sahara Avenue, Suite D, Las Vegas, Nevada 89117 Phone: 702-258-5855 Program Information: FACT is a nonprofit agency, dedicated to helping Nevadans heal from the traumas and cycle of abuse, neglect, violence, and addiction through education, prevention, and treatment services. FACT Victims Program for Sexual Abuse Victims FACT provides individual therapy by licensed Psychologists, Marriage and Family Therapists, and Licensed Clinical Social Workers. Clients are either referred to FACT, or they may contact the organization by phone to request services. Staff members interview individuals over the phone to gather more information about the nature of the crime and then schedule an appointment if the individual meets FACT’s mission. Next, the individual meets with a therapist. The services that FACT provides are affordable and are dependent on the client’s income and ability to pay. If a client is unable to pay, FACT may be able to cover fees on a case-by-case basis. FACT is known for serving victims of sexual abuse, and provides services to women, men, and children, although women and children are the primary population FACT serves. FACT serves primary as well as secondary victims of sexual abuse. Services are available in English and Spanish. The exact number of victims who receive mental health services was unable to be determined, although a staff member estimated at least 20 clients were served each month. A primary challenge that FACT faces is population growth, which has outstripped the region’s ability to meet the needs of children and families who have been the victims of abuse and trauma. FACT used to have a support group for adolescent and adult women victims but no longer provides these services as of 2016. There is only a support group for offenders. FACT’s Children Victims Art and Play Therapy program The children’s program delivers an age appropriate therapeutic treatment designed to assist children survivors. The program utilizes art and play therapy. FACT serves children as young as four years old. STOP Domestic Violence Program A FACT Clinical Therapist facilitates a Psycho-educational group at Shade Tree that covers a series of eight topics that aim to break the cycle of domestic violence. This group is 118  provided at no cost to the client and occurs on a weekly basis. Caseworkers refer Shade Tree clients to FACT’s support group, who complete an intake with FACT to participate in the group. Number of clients served: Unknown Counseling Service of Northern Nevada Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding victims of domestic, sexual or family violence Family and Payee      http://www.fcsnv.org/se         Adult and child       Therapy       2017 xual_abuse_treatment_gr oups.html Location: 575 E. Plumb Lane Reno, NV 89502 Phone: 775-329-0623 Program Information: AKA Family Counseling Service Individual Counseling Family and Payee Counseling Service of Northern Nevada provides individual therapy for victims of sexual abuse and trauma, domestic violence, and physical or emotional abuse. All adult victims as well as children and teenagers ages 8 to 18 are eligible to receive counseling services. The organization’s ability to provide mental health services is partly funded by being awarded the Victims of Crime Grant. To access any service at Family and Payee Counseling Service of Northern Nevada, individuals call the organization and complete an intake with a physician for recommended treatment. Family and Payee Counseling also provides mental health treatment to secondary victims. According to the Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2014 – 2015, 450 victims received counseling and mental health services. The majority of Family and Payee’s clients are women, although according to a staff member more men are seeking counseling. Trauma Treatment Groups Family and Payee Counseling Service of Northern Nevada offers a Children's Group that serves children ages 8 to12 for both boys and girls who have experienced family violence or sexual violence, a Teen Group for girls 13 to 17 who have experienced family or sexual trauma, and a Women's Sexual Trauma Group for adult women. The children’s group takes place weekly on Tuesdays from 4 to 5PM. Only the children's group is open to males. The teen group occurs on a weekly basis as well on Wednesdays from 4 to 5PM. Last, the adult women’s group takes place Wednesdays from 5:15 to 6:15PM. All programs are free of charge. Fiscal year 2014 to 2015 was challenging as the organization faced budget cuts and a move to Managed Care/Medicaid. Demand for services outpaced the ability of the organization to provide them with available funding. With the exception of the children’s group, a licensed therapist facilitates all groups. On occasion, an intern with a Master’s degree in social work who is supervised by a licensed therapist will facilitate the children’s group. Number of clients served: Unknown 119 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Family Support www.family- Adult and child victims of       Crisis, info       2017 Council support.org             domestic, sexual, family, stalking or dating violence Location: 1255 Waterloo Lane #A Gardnerville, NV 89410 Phone: 775-782-8692 Crisis/Hotline: 775-782-8692 Program Information: Family Support Council of Douglas County has been serving residents for over thirty years. As a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, Family Support Council provides a wide variety of confidential and free support, resources, referrals, and educational services as well as emergency shelter for adult and child victims of domestic, sexual, and family, stalking or dating violence. Women’s Support Group The Family Support Council of Douglas County is a weekly support group for women victims of domestic violence. Participants learn about the cycle of abuse and what a healthy relationship looks like. Participants may also share their personal stories amongst each other. No prior sign up is required to participate in the group. There is not a fee for attending the support group, and childcare is provided if needed. The Women’s Support Group takes place weekly on Wednesdays from 4 to 5PM and is led by a licensed professional. Children's Group The children’s group is a support group for children who have witnessed violence. A licensed MFT is available for children and family therapy. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Therapy, Outreach request unfunded The Gay and Lesbian      http://www.thecente LGBTQIA        Info,        VOCA rlv.org/           Community, Adult Men & Location: 401 S. Maryland Pkwy., Las Vegas, NV 89101 Phone: 702-733-9800 Program Information: The Gay and Lesbian Community Center of Southern Nevada, a community-based organization, supports and promotes activities directed at furthering the well-being, positive image, and human rights of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community, its allies, and low- to moderate-income residents in Southern Nevada. Number of clients served: 87,125 utilized The Center in 2014 Community Center of Southern Nevada (The Center) Women, Youth 120 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Gender Justice Nevada- www.genderjustic            LGBTQIA         Info Crisis       2017 Queer Anti-Violence env.org Location: 7465 W Lake Mead Blvd #107, 89128 Las Vegas, NV Phone: 702-425-7288 Crisis/24 Hour Hotline: 702-425-7287 Toll free: 888-425-7287 Project Program Information: The Queer Anti-Violence Project (QAVP) provides Southern Nevada with specific victim/survivor services and anti-violence services directly related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual persons (LGBTQIA). Standing Tall Gender Justice Nevada offers a weekly therapy group called “Standing Tall”, which offers “an open safe space for victims of sexual assault and rape, domestic and intimate partner violence, sexual harassment and intimidation, unnecessary intersex surgeries, transphobia/homophobia/heteroism, kink shaming, and slut shaming”. This group is held every Thursday from 6PM to 7:30PM and is facilitated by a licensed therapist. These services are offered free of charge. Clinical Psychotherapy Services http://genderjusticenv.org/clinical-psychotherapy-services/ According to the Gender Justice Nevada website, the organization offers “experienced and culturally aware psychotherapy services for all survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The program offers five weekly groups as well as individual, family, and couples counseling”. Psychotherapy services are offered free of charge. Number of clients served: Unknown Humboldt Advocates www.humboldtav Children in the welfare        Outreach         VOCA Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding request unfunded for Victims of Abuse a.com              system Location: 26 Twyila Court, Winnemucca, NV 89445 Phone: 775-623-2328, 775-304-8964 Email: humboldtava@sbcglobal.net Program Information: Advocates for Victims of Abuse (AVA) works for the prevention, education, and advocacy against relationship abuse, sexual violence, bullying, and child abuse and neglect in Humboldt County, Winnemucca, NV. Their website states that they provide on-call advocacy for relationship abuse and sexual assault support services, with trained advocates in crisis intervention and support services. They did not reply to email or phone enquires though. 121 Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Las Vegas Metropolitan       http://www.lvmpd.com/Se General Info,       2017 Police Department Victim ctions/VictimServices/tabid           Public           Casework Services /191/Default.aspx Location: 400 South Martin Luther King Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89106 Phone: 702-828-2955 Program Information: Help victims of crime by providing crisis intervention, support, referrals, and encouraging safety practices to reduce the likelihood of future victimization. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Legal Aid Center of    http://www.lacsn.or Adult Men & Women,           Legal         2017 Southern Nevada g              Children, Elderly Location: 725 E. Charleston Blvd., Las Vegas, NV 89104 Phone: 702-386-1070 Program Information: Help includes Children’s Attorneys Project, Children in Foster Care, Special Education Program, Educational Surrogate Parent Program, Family Justice Project, Domestic Violence Additional Information Annual Report: http://www.lacsn.org/images/annual- reports/lacsn_annual_report_2015.pdf Number of clients served: 5,978 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding and Women, Children Lincoln County Sheriff’s http://www.lincolncou      Adult Men   Info, Legal Department ntynv.org/sheriff/vws.h Victim/Witness Services tml Location: 802 Avenue East, Ely, Nevada Mailing Address: c/o WPCSO, 1758 Great Basin Blvd, Ely, NV 89301 Phone: 775-289-3410 or 800-372-7202 Program Information: Advocates provide a number of services to help people who have become victims or witnesses to violent crimes. Victims or witnesses to violent crime may report Monday through Friday 8:00AM to 12:3PM. Number of clients served: Unknown 122 Name Website Victims Types of Services VOCA Served funding Nevada Indians, Inc., www.nevadaur            Victims         Info, Legal, Therapy HealthCare & Community banindians.org Location: 1475 Terminal Way, Suite B. Reno, NV Phone: 775-788-7600 Program Information: Victim Services Program (VSP) Services Funding from the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA), Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA) and Violence Women Act (VAWA/STOP Formula Grant Program) enables Nevada Urban Indians to assist victims of the following crimes, although not limited to: Federal Crimes, Survivors of Homicide Victims, Victims of Assault, Robbery, Gang Violence, Hate and Bias Crimes, Intoxicated Drivers, Bank Robbery, Economic Exploitation and Fraud, Elder Abuse, Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault, Stalking, Child Abuse, and Emotional Abuse. In-house individual therapy and group services are available to victims. A licensed mental health counselor facilitates individual therapy sessions. Individuals are often referred to Nevada Urban Indians, although individuals may contact the organization by phone or walk-in to request service. To access services, victims must complete an intake process facilitated by an advocate. The advocate verifies the individual is a victim of crime. Support Groups Two support circles are offered: 1) a Women’s Support group, and 2) a general support group. The women’s group occurs weekly on Tuesdays from 10:30AM to 11:30AM. The women’s support group mainly serves women of domestic violence and is facilitated by a licensed counselor, generally with the assistance of a caseworker. The general support group is open to anyone, regardless of gender, and takes place on Wednesdays from 5:30PM to 6:30PM. The minimum age to participate in the general support group is 16. All services are free of charge. Nevada Urban Indians is looking to create a peer facilitated support group as well. Since March 3, 2016, the organization has opened their doors to the general public. Provides: Advocacy, Emergency Shelter & Housing Assistance, Food, Clothing, Employment Assistance, Domestic Violence Support Group, Transportation Assistance, & Legal Consultation Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Nevada Coalition to End        www.ncedsv.org        Domestic violence        Outreach 2017 victims Location: 250 South Rock Blvd., Suite 116, Reno, NV 89502 Domestic and Sexual Violence Phone: 775-828-1115 123  Program Information: This organization funds partner groups. In 2014, local domestic violence programs received $11,200 in financial grants (70% of that money when to Washoe County, 23% to Clark County and 7% went to rural counties). Additional Information: Annual Report: http://www.nnadv.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/01/Annual-report-FY13-14-A5size-final.pdf Number of clients served: (through partner agencies: Victim contacts, bed nights, TPOs prepared and law enforcement contacts) 130,000+ Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Nevada Outreach Training https://www.facebook.co           Info 2017 Organization m/nevadaoutreach/ Location: 621 South Blagg Rd, Pahrump, NV 89048 Phone: Pahrump Office: 775-751-1118, Tonopah Office Phone: 775-482-3016 Crisis/Hotline: 1-888-882-2873 Program Information: AKA No to Abuse. The organization provides a full array of services, including sexual assault examinations, for adults who have experienced sexual assault and/or domestic violence. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Nevada Partnership for http://www.nphy.org        At-risk youth     Crisis, Info Homeless Youth / Location: 4981 Shirley St., Las Vegas NV 89119 Phone: 702-383-1332 Program Information: Provide homeless youth services and a safe environment. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Nevada Sexual Violence http://preventsexu Sexual assault   Outreach Prevention and alviolencenv.com/r         victims Education esources/ Location: none and no phone contact information Program Information: Provides links to national organizations or other groups in Nevada. Refers calls to national sexual assault hotline. Number of clients served: Unknown 124 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding evention.org Nevada Suicide www.nvsuicidepr             None directly           Outreach Prevention Coalition Location: N/A Phone: Link to National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-TALK (8255) Program Information: Informational website only Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Casework North Las Vegas Police     http://www.cityofnorthlasvega Adult Men         Info,        2017 Department – Victim s.com/departments/police/victi               and Women Services m_witness_unit.php Location: 2266 Civic Center Dr., North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030 Phone: 702-633-1751 Program Information: Provides a variety of services including crisis intervention; assistance with filing temporary protection orders, and immigration resources related to VAWA visa. Victim Advocate Program The NLVPD’s Victims Advocate Program connects victims of crimes to services on a referral basis, such as crisis counseling, shelter, etc. Officers most often refer clients to the program, but some individuals may contact the agency by phone as well. Appointments are not required, but are preferred as advocates may be out of the office in the field during the week. The referral services that advocates provide are free, although the agencies clients are referred to may charge for their independent services. A staff member stated that statistics on the number of victims served annually as well as demographic information of the population served was confidential information. Number of clients served: Staff stated that numbers of victims served was confidential and couldn’t be shared Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding affected by DUI Outreach Northern Nevada www.nndtf.org DUI victims and those Crisis, Therapy, DUI Task Force Location: N/A Phone: 775-348-4664 Email: info@nndtf.org Program Information: This task force unites member agencies to provide public information and educational material to the community at large. Direct services are provided such as counseling and emergency financial assistance. 125  Number of clients served: Unknown http://ag.nv.gov/Hot_           All victims       Info       2017 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding The Office of the Nevada Attorney General Topics/Victims_of_Cri me/ Locations and Phone Numbers: Carson City Office: Office of the Attorney General 100 North Carson Street, Carson City, NV 89701 Telephone: 775-684-1100 Reno Office: Office of the Attorney General 5420 Kietzke Lane, Suite 202, Reno, NV 89511 Telephone: 775-687-2100 Las Vegas Office: Office of the Attorney General Grant Sawyer Building, 555 E. Washington Avenue, Suite 3900, Las Vegas, NV 89101 Telephone: 702-486-3420 Program Information: Links on website include information and research on the following topics: Domestic Violence, Confidential Address Program, Victims of Crime Subcommittee Meetings, Victims of Crime Subcommittee Membership Application, Identity Theft, Nevada VINE, Tech Crime, if you are a victim, and Report Crime. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Casework, Legal Pershing County      www.winnfam.org/blog/com Domestic          Crisis, Info,      2017 Domestic Violence munity-resource/pershing- violence Intervention county-domestic-violence- victims intervention/ Location: 1475 Cornell Avenue # 150, Lovelock, NV 89419 Phone: 775-273-7373 Crisis/Hotline: 775-273-5111 24 Hour Hotline Cell: 775-442-1031 Number of clients served: Unknown 126 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Girls Outreach Purple W.I.N.G.S.          http://purplewings.org/         Young Adult         Casework, Legal, Location: N/A Email: pwgirls@purplewings.org Program Information: PWs victim services Angel program is deeply committed to mentoring girls who have been identified as victims of: sexual assault, sexual abuse, sex- trafficking, domestic violence, and stalking. Helping underprivileged and at-risk girls become productive outstanding citizens. Purple W.I.N.G.S. is a mentoring organization helping girls who are facing poverty, failing or dropping out of school, promiscuity, sex trafficking, and violence. Number of clients served: Unknown Pyramid Lake Paiute http://www.plpt. Victims of Crisis, info, legal,   2017 Tribe Victim Services nsn.us/vservices         crime     casework, Therapy Name Website Victims Types of Services VOCA Served funding Department /index.html Location: Victim Services Program, 1 Ranch Road | P.O. Box 430, Wadsworth, Nevada 89442 Phone: 775-575-9444 Program Information: Services provided by the Program are confidential, and PLPT protects victim’s privacy and security. Victim Services Program Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe's Reservation provides in-house individual and group counseling to victims of crime. There is a Teen Dating Violence Support Group, a Victims of Sexual Assault Support Group, and a Women's Educational Support Group. The Teen Dating Violence Support Group occurs weekly on Wednesdays from 5:30 to 6:30PM. The Victims of Sexual Assault Support Group takes place on Fridays from 5:00 to 6:30PM. Last, the Women's Educational Support Group is offered on Saturdays from 1 to 2PM. All support groups are peer led. Childcare is available on site during group sessions for the women's group (must call ahead). Services are free of charge for program participants, and are funded by federal and state grant programs. Number of clients served: 100 a year 127 Name Website Victims Served Types of Services VOCA funding The Rape Crisis Center http://rcclv.or Adult Men & Crisis, Info,         2017 of Southern Nevada g/             Women, Children, Casework, Legal, Young Adults Therapy, Outreach Location: 801 S. Rancho Drive, Ste. B-2, Las Vegas, NV 89106 Phone: 702-385-2153 Crisis/24 Hour Hotline: 702-366-1640 Program Information: Provide help, hope, and healing to those affected by sexual violence. The Rape Crisis Center provides education, awareness and support. Signs of Hope Counseling The Nevada Women’s Philanthropy Signs of Hope Counseling program provides individual therapy specifically for survivors of sexual abuse and assault as well as members of their support system (i.e. spouses, parents, siblings). The Signs of Hope Counseling program serves male and female victims 10 yrs. and older. To access these services, individuals must complete a screening process and fill out an application. Support Groups A general support group option, a Spanish-speaking parent support group, and a teen group are also available as options for therapy. The general group, titled the Circle of Hope Group, is advocate and peer led and takes place weekly on Tuesdays from 6PM to 8PM. It is open to female survivors of sexual assault and does not require advance reservations or an intake screening. A licensed therapist leads the Spanish speaking and teen groups. The parent support group occurs weekly on Wednesdays at 6:30PM to 8PM. The teen group takes place weekly from 6:30PM to 8:30PM. It is open to teenagers 12 to 19 who have experienced sexual abuse or assault. To participate in the teen group, an application must be filled out beforehand. Multiple counselors are available and services are provided six days per week. Service is available in English and Spanish. Those without insurance are covered due to donations from sponsors, and an attempt will be made to bill those with insurance. The Signs of Hope Counseling Center is able to accept Victims of Crime Compensation, Medicaid, and multiple other forms of coverage. According to the Rape Crisis Center Las Vegas website, 616 survivors are provided with counseling services annually. A majority of counseling participants are the Center’s clients, who are often referred after undergoing a rape exam at UMC or are referred from Safe Nest. The Center accepts walk-ins, as well. Number of clients served: 616 annually 128 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Public Casework Reno Police Department http://www.reno.gov/gove          General         Info,       2017 Victim Services rnment/departments/polic e/divisions-units/victim- services-unit Location: 1 East First Street, Reno, NV 89501 Phone: 775-657-4519 Program Information: Help victims of crime by providing advocacy, support and referrals. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Services   funding Types of VOCA Reno Sparks www.rsgm.org     Men, women &   Crisis, Therapy Gospel Mission children Location: 2115 Timber Way, Reno, NV 89512 Phone: 775-323-0386 24 Hour Lines: (775) 329-0485 Women’s Shelter: Call (775) 329-0485 Email: info@rsgm.org Program Information: Short- and long-term shelter, counseling, and recovery services for men, women, and children. Emergency Shelter: 355 Record St., Reno, NV 89512 For men: 80 beds for addiction recovery and 20 beds for cold weather emergency shelter (October - March) For women & children: 22 beds for addiction recovery and 20 beds for emergency shelter Number of clients served: Millions since 1963. 150 beds for homeless men, women and children. 400,000 meals served annually. 100 beds for men and women who are recovering addicts. Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Safe Embrace www.safeembrac Victims of domestic     Crisis, Therapy     2017 e.org         violence or sexual assault Location: Walk-In Crisis Center, Administrative Office & Donation Center: 780 East Lincoln Way, Sparks, NV 89434, PO Box 3745 Reno 89505 Phone: 775-322-3466 Crisis/Hotline: 775-322-3466 Toll Free Crisis Hotline: 1-877-781-0565 Program Information: Safe Embrace is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation dedicated to educating the community and providing services to survivors of domestic and sexual violence. For over 17 years, they have been committed to ending the cycle of intimate partner violence with innovative intervention and prevention services in Reno, Nevada.129 Safe Embrace operates a 10-bed, emergency shelter facility for female victims of domestic violence and their children. The shelter accepts both male and female children up to age 17 with the intention of keeping the family together. Residents may stay in the shelter for up to 2 months, as long as they are in compliance with shelter rules and regulations. The shelter program includes food preparation and storage, case management, therapy groups, safety planning, laundry services, transportation, and personal hygiene items at no cost. Safe Embrace provides free individual and group therapy by appointment only. The populations that Safe Embrace serves are survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, and their families. Women and their children along with men are eligible to receive therapy. A licensed clinical therapist facilitates therapy sessions. Although Safe Embrace does provide therapy services to members of the community on a case-by-case basis, the organization primarily serves clients living at the Safe Embrace shelter. To access therapy services, individuals must meet Safe Embrace’s mission and complete an intake process with an advocate. Individuals may call to make an appointment and are usually placed on a waiting list before receiving an appointment. Individuals can also be referred to Safe Embrace by other agencies or walk-in for an appointment. A staff member deemed information on the number of victims served annually as well as demographic information of the population as sensitive information. Support Groups According to the Safe Embrace website, “Safe Embrace offers regular support and educational groups to the women living at the shelter. The times and subjects of these groups are adjusted to fit the schedules and needs of residents. For members of the public, Safe Embrace advocates and therapists facilitate a weekly public support group every Tuesday evening at 7PM. The program is called ‘From Shadows to Sunlight’ and is held at Sparks Christian Fellowship located on 510 Greenbrae Dr., Sparks, NV 89431. This group is open to all members of the community who are struggling in an abusive relationship (or those who have left). These groups are not faith-based and childcare is often available through the church”. Number of clients served: 300+ (770 Crisis Calls in 2014, 4,154 Bed Nights of Shelter) Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding S.A.F.E. House http://www.safehousenv.or Adult Men & Crisis, Info,          2017 Nevada Hotline g/                 Women, Children, Casework, Young Adults Therapy Location: 921 American Pacific Dr. Suite 300, Henderson NV 89014 Phone: 702-564-3227 Program Information: Emergency Shelter is available to women for whom safety and confidentiality is necessary. In the shelter, women receive counseling services, classes, anger management, court and system advocacy, information & referrals, and other services plus a safe home for themselves and their children. SAFE House offers free counseling services to adult and children who have been victims of domestic violence, including individual and group therapy. A licensed social worker and an MFT counselor facilitate 130  individual therapy sessions. The support group is facilitated by a licensed clinical social worker. Men, women, and children are eligible to receive counseling services. According to the SAFE House website, the Counseling and Advocacy Center provides services to over 4,000 individuals annually. To access mental health treatment, individuals are advised to visit SAFE House in-person Monday through Thursday from 9AM to 3PM to complete an intake process. SAFE House offers weekly support groups free of charge. The group sessions take place on Mondays from 6PM to 7PM. To participate in the support groups, participants must be screened to ensure they fit SAFE House’s mission. The predominant population SAFE House serves is women. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of Services VOCA Served funding Safe Nest        http://www.safenest.org       Adult Women, Crisis, Info, Casework,       2017 Children              Legal, Therapy, Outreach Location: 2915 W. Charleston Blvd., Suite 12, Las Vegas, NV 89102 Phone: 702-877-0133 (Counseling) Crisis/Hotline: 702-646-4981 or 800-486-7282 TTD line: 702-647-8584 Program Information: The goal is to assist families from crisis to healing, while empowering victims toward self-sufficiency in violence-free lives. By calling the contact center, individuals can be given information on how to receive help. Safe Nest’s programs are concentrated in four areas of service: advocacy, counseling, prevention and shelter. Dedicated to ending domestic violence within families, Safe Nest provides counseling services for victims, batterers and their children. Counseling for teens is also offered. The shelter homes are maintained in undisclosed locations for the safety of abuse victims and their children, and all services are provided with confidentiality as a high priority. The goal is to assist families from crisis to healing, while empowering victims toward self- sufficiency in violence-free lives. Safe Nest provides services for victims, batterers and their children. Prevention programs focus on children, teens, and young adults. Counseling Safe Nest provides counseling services for domestic violence victims and their families. Women, men, and teenagers over the age of 13 are eligible to receive counseling services. Clients of Safe Nest who wish to place their children in therapy can consult with a therapist to see if there’s any availability for therapy appointments. Children must be at least eight years old to receive therapy. According to the Safe Nest website, “Services are provided by licensed marriage and family therapists and licensed clinical social workers. All services are offered on a sliding-fee scale. Counseling at Safe Nest specifically addresses domestic- violence issues and safety”. The Safe Nest Annual Report states that over 21,000 counseling session were provided to victims for fiscal year 2014 – 2015. Staff members could not provide any demographic information on the population served. 131 To access Safe Nest’s services, individuals contact the organization by phone and answer a few questions. If individuals pass this screening process, they will receive an appointment time with a counselor to complete an intake process. Therapy costs are offered on a sliding fee scale ranging from $10 to $40. The client’s ability to pay is factored in as well. Additional Information: Annual Report: http://www.safenest.org/os/resources/media/Safe_Nest_Annual_Report_FY_2014.pdf Number of clients served: Over 51,402 clients received direct services in 2014, 20,000 received education Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Casework, Therapy https://www.stjudesranch.org     Children in   Info,   2017 the child Location: 100 St. Jude’s Street, Boulder City, NV 89005 Phone: 702-294-7100 Programs: St. Jude’s provides housing and support for abused and at risk children. They have a continuum of care to serve children from newborn through age 25. They have offer family support as well as transitional living programs for older youth. Number of clients served: 500 children per year Salvation http://www.salvationarmysouthernn Adult Men   Info,   VOCA Army evada.org      & Women, St. Jude’s Ranch for Children protection system Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Casework, Therapy request unfunded Families Location: 2900 Palomino Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89107 Phone: 702-870-4430 Program Information: Group homes, emergency shelters, and transitional living centers provide housing, food, and overnight lodging for varying amounts of time to those in need. In addition, they provide education, counseling and vocational services to homeless, destitute individuals and families, and youth where family care is undesirable or unavailable. Shelter http://www.salvationarmysouthernnevada.org/homeless-services Seeds of Hope Human Trafficking Program This program provide crisis services and case management to all victims of trafficking (labor and sexual, adults and children). http://www.salvationarmysouthernnevada.org/seeds-of-hope-human-trafficking Number of clients served: Support 127,750 clients annually in Las Vegas, Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding 132 Sexual Assault www.saraadv.org        Sexual assault/abuse      Crisis, Info, Legal Response victims, domestic violence victims Location: N/A Phone: 775-883-7654 Email: carsonadvocates@aol.com Program Information: SARA is an organization underneath the umbrella organization of Advocates to End Domestic Violence (AEDV). The application and intake processes are similar to its parent organization, AEDV. The mission of SARA, however, focuses exclusively on survivors of sexual violence. SARA provides referrals for one-on-one counseling to survivors of sexual violence. SARA advocates will assist survivors in filling out the required paperwork to receive funding from the city and state in order to pay for therapy. Number of clients served: Unknown Advocates Name Website Victims Served Types of Services VOCA funding unfunded The Shade http://www.theshadetr Women, Children Crisis, Info,      VOCA request Tree ee.org/                    Casework, Legal, Therapy, Outreach Location: 6675 S. Tenaya Way #130, Las Vegas, NV 89113 Phone: 702-385-0072 Program Information: The mission of The Shade Tree is to provide safe shelter to homeless and abused women and children in crisis and to offer life-changing services promoting stability, dignity and self-reliance to include the Children’s Activity Center (CAC). Shade tree provides safe shelter to homeless and abused women and children in crisis and to offer life- changing services promoting stability, dignity and self-reliance. Noah’s Animal House is a pet sanctuary for shelter residents that allow women to escape abusive situations without leaving behind their pet (www.noahsanimalhouse.org) Additional Information: Annual Report: http://www.theshadetree.org/pdfs/financials/annual_report.pdf Number of clients served: 3,989 Women, 1,910 Children, 189 Pets Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Youth unfunded The Solace Tree http://www.solacetree.org      Men, Women,   Therapy   VOCA request Location: P.O. Box 2944, Reno, NV 89431 Phone: 775-324-7723 Program Information: This facility provides group support classes for children, teens and adults who have experienced loss due to homicide, suicide or other sudden deaths. 133 Number of clients served: 200 children, 50 teens, and 100 adult family members a month but not all deaths are due to experiencing crime Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Sparks Christian http://www.scf.net/ministri Men, Women,   Therapy Fellowship es/supportrecovery-groups/       Youth Location: 510 Greenbrae Dr. Sparks, NV 89431 Phone: 775-331-2303, ext. 119 Program Information: The site provides a link to create a login, where he or she may search classes or groups and register for whichever they want. Provide programs such as Tuesday Night, Drop-In Support Groups for Anger Management, Porn Addiction, Drug & Alcohol Addiction, Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault, and Grief & Loss Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Casework Sparks Police      www.sparkspd.com/about- Domestic Info, Department Victim Advocate sparks-pd/programs/victim-      violence, sexual advocate          assault or stalking victims Location: 1701 East Prater Way, Sparks, Nevada 89434 Phone: 775-353-2217 Email: jolsen@cityofsparks.us Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Served Services funding Victims Types of VOCA Casework, Legal Southern Nevada http://www.clarkcountynv.g Children Info, Children’s Assessment ov/sncac/ Location: 701 North Pecos Blvd, Building K1, Las Vegas, NV 89101 Phone: 702-455-5371 Program Information: The mission is to provide a coordinated multi-disciplinary, child- sensitive response to allegations of child sexual abuse through a systematic array of investigative and service responses designed specifically to address the child's needs for protection and well-being; provide support to non-offending caregivers; and ensure the effective prosecution of offenders. SNCAC is a collaborative effort by community partners formed to respond to and investigate possible cases of child abuse. A family therapist provides free onsite crisis mental health services, consultation, and psycho education for children and families served by the Center. The Family Therapist also provides support and Center (SNCAC) 134 consultation for SNCAC team members regarding child traumatic stress and other mental health issues and dynamics concerning sexually abused children and their families with a view toward working collaboratively to reduce further trauma. The center has completed an intensive yearlong re-accreditation process and received the highest rating possible by the Washington, D.C. based accreditation agency – the National Children's Alliance Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Step 2 www.step2reno.o Women with     Crisis, Therapy     2017 rg          children Location: 3700 Safe Harbor Way, Reno, NV Phone: 775-787-9411 Program Information: Substance abuse treatment program providing women and their children suffering from chemical addiction, poverty and DV the opportunity to rebuild their lives. Food, Clothing and FREE Cell Phone Service Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Storey County DA      www.storeycount Victims of crime Crisis, Info, Victim Services y.org/265/Victim                      Casework, Legal Unit -Services Location: District Attorney's Office, 201 S. C St., P.O. Box 496, Virginia City, NV 89440 Phone: 775-847-0964 After Hours Advocate: 775-745-7786 Program Information: It is the mission of the Storey County Victim Services Unit to provide support and assistance to victims and witnesses of crime in a responsible and ethical manner. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Therapy, Outreach Tahoe SAFE www.tahoesafeall Victims of domestic   Crisis, Legal, Alliance iance.org      violence, sexual violence and child abuse Location: 948 Incline Way, Incline Village Phone: -Incline Village: 775-298-0010 -Truckee: 530-582-9117 -Tahoe City: 530-583-3440 x15 135 -Tahoe SAFE Alliance 24-hour Community Helpline: 800-736-1060 Program Information: Tahoe SAFE Alliance is a 501(c) 3 nonprofit agency that collaborates with local businesses, government agencies, volunteers, and supporters to create violence free communities. Tahoe SAFE is currently the only agency providing assistance to survivors of intimate partner/domestic violence and sexual violence in the North Lake Tahoe/Truckee region of California and Nevada and owns/operates the only safe house in the community. Tahoe SAFE Alliance also runs a safe house in Incline Village. Tahoe SAFE Alliance offers free trauma-informed yoga classes and peer counseling for victims of sexual abuse. The yoga classes focus on self-care and are offered as a community service on Mondays from 5:30PM to 6:30PM. Services are available to both children and adult survivors. Tahoe Safe Alliance used to have a support group but no longer provides these services. Number of clients served: 726 in 2013 https://www.justice     Men and Legal Services, Name Website Victims Types of Services VOCA Served funding U.S. Attorneys District of Nevada Victim Witness Assistance .gov/usao- nv/victim-witness- assistance women victimized by crime Advocacy, Counseling Debra Waite, debra.waite@usdoj.gov 702-388-6218 or 800-539-8002 Victim Witness Specialist Jaye Beltran (Las Vegas), jaye.beltran@usdoj.gov 702-388-6247 or 800-539-8002 Victim Witness Coordinator Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Casework University of Nevada, Las https://www.unlv.edu/w Adult        Crisis, Info,        2017 Vegas-Jean Nidetch Women’s omenscenter              Women Location: 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 Phone: 24 Hour Hotline-Campus Advocacy Resource and Empowerment (CARE) Line: 702- 895-0602 Program Information: The Jean Nidetch Women’s Center is committed to creating a supportive and inclusive environment for all genders through programming, services, and advocacy for the UNLV community Number of clients served: 166 last year Center 136 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding University of Nevada, Las    https://www.unlv.edu/ Individuals,       Therapy Vegas The Center for Individual, Couple and Family Counseling cicfc              couples and families Location: 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 Phone: 702-895-3627 Program Information: The Center for Individual, Couple & Family Counseling is a mental health facility that provides therapy to the Las Vegas community. Counseling fees are low and a sliding scale is available. The Center is open Monday through Thursday with some evening hours. The Marriage and Therapy Program staff the Center. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding University of Nevada, https://www.unlv.edu/thepract Children,  Therapy Las Vegas The ice/about          teen and Practice adults Location: 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 Phone: 702-895-3627 Program Information: The Practice is a community mental health clinic located on UNLV’s main campus. The clinic provides both counseling and assessment psychological services. Fees are set on a sliding scale. The Practice is open Monday through Friday with some evening hours. The Practice lists issues related to trauma as one of their focus areas for either child or adult clients. The Departments of Psychology and Educational Psychology staff the Practice. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding University of Nevada, Las https://www.unlv.edu/s           Students        Therapy Vegas Counseling and rwc/caps Location: 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 Phone: 702-895-3627 Program Information: UNLV’s Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) offers its counseling services to students free of charge. Counseling services are covered through the UNLV Health fee included in student’s tuition fees, although students have to pay medication costs and some psychological testing fees. To access CAPS therapy sessions, students may call over the phone to make an appointment up to two weeks in advance. 137 Psychological Services  Walk-ins are accepted for emergency or crisis situations only. Students are required to complete an intake process at their time of appointment. According to the CAPS website, counselors are available to help victims of crime who have experienced “sexual assault, relationship violence, stalking, abuse, and other trauma.” Students will receive twelve free sessions of individual therapy. CAPS also hosts a Survivor Support Group for Women offered every Wednesday from 3PM to 4:30PM. A licensed therapist facilitates the support group. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding University of Nevada, http://www.unr.edu/ps Men,    Therapy Reno (UNR)- ychology/ Women, and Psychological Services psychological-          Children Center services/services Location: Department of Psychology, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557 Phone: 775-682-8684 Program Information: The University of Nevada, Reno's Victims of Crime Treatment Psychological Services Center According to the UNR website, “the Psychological Services Center provides a low-cost treatment option for adults living in Northern Nevada. The clinic provides training for doctoral students in the University's clinical psychology program. Graduate students in the doctoral training program who are supervised by full-time members of the clinical psychology faculty facilitate mental health services at the clinic. Free services are available for individuals through a Nevada Victims of Crime grant for victims of domestic violence and sexual or elder abuse. Currently, the Psychological Services Center offers services for sexual abuse victims (children and adults) and victims of domestic violence.” UNR also has a Victims of Crime Treatment Center. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding University of Nevada, Reno (UNR)- Victims of Crime Treatment Center http://www.drbenuto.com/ Men,    Therapy   2017 voca/Victims_of_Crime_Treat Women, ment_ Center/Welcome.html        and Children Location: Edmund J. Cain Hall, Room 206, Reno, NV 89512 Phone: 775-682-8684 Program Information: The University of Nevada, Reno's Victims of Crime Treatment Center, a psychological clinic that provides services to victims of sexual abuse and assault, elder abuse and domestic violence, recently received additional funding to provide services for victims of child physical abuse. 138 Number of clients served: Unknown Victim Notification      http://voc.nv.gov/About Victims looking         Info Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Everyday (V.I.N.E.) (Alert Suspect Release) /VINELink/            for information on their offenders Phone Number: register at www.vinelink.com or call 877-332-8463 888-268-8463 ONLINE registration www.vinelink.com Victim Information and Notification Everyday [VINE] is an automated notification system and part of our state’s commitment to support victims of crime. This is a free, anonymous, and confidential notification and status information service regarding offenders in county jail or prison. 24/7. Services of White Pine County Location: Ely, NV 89301, address not provided on website Phone: 775-289-3410 Number of clients served: Unknown for Rural Nevadans (VARN) Location: 904 N. Nevada Street, Carson City, NV 89703 Phone: 775-883-8278 or 866-448-8276 Program Information: VARN provides access to the civil justice system for people, regardless of income or immigrant status. Their goal is to provide programs that assist low- income residents of rural Nevada access to the civil legal system, including women, children, and immigrant victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. Information on How to Apply: To apply for services (form offered both in English and Spanish): http://www.varn.org/newsite/wp- content/uploads/2014/10/VARN_ApplyforServices_Form2014.pdf Name Website Victims Served Types of Services VOCA funding Victim Witness        http://www.wh         Victims in White Pine Info 2017 itepinecounty.n et/Directory.as px?did=35 Volunteer Attorneys Name Website Victims Served Types of Services VOCA funding www.varn.org        Domestic violence and Crisis, info, 2017 sexual assault victims            casework, legal not in Washoe or Clark County 139 http://www.varn.org/newsite/wp- content/uploads/2014/12/VARN_ApplyforServices_Form2014_spanish.pdf Print and fax forms to: 775-883-7211 or bring it into our offices at 904 N. Nevada St. Carson City NV 89703. Forms can also be emailed directly through website. Domestic Violence Victim’s Assistance Program According to the organization’s website, DVVAP provides free crisis counseling to victims of domestic violence in all Nevada counties except Washoe County and Clark County. The main role that VARN plays is to connect victims of domestic violence to needed services. In order to receive services under the Domestic Violence Victim’s Assistance Program, clients are required to provide documentation to substantiate their claims of violence, such as a police report or witness statement. Adult victims of domestic violence are eligible to receive services from VARN. All clients must complete an intake process. Advocates provide crisis intervention and planning, as well as referrals for counseling provided by other domestic violence agencies. Advocates also are available to help victims apply for funding through VOCA. A staff member estimated that VARN serves 200 clients, most of which are women. It was reported that the agency is experiencing a sharp increase in demand for services for the current year of 2016. Number of clients served: 200 a year Name Website Victims Types of Served Services VOCA funding Walker River        http://www.wrpt.us              Victims of         Therapy Paiute Tribe crime Location: P.O. Box 220, Schurz, NV 89427 Phone: 775-773-2881 Program Information: The Walker River Paiute Tribe Health Clinic provides behavioral health services. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Washoe County      https://www.facebook.com/pag          Child victims        Legal Children’s Advocacy es/Washoe-County-Childrens- Center Advocacy- Center/422508344609767 Location: 2097 Longley Lane, Reno, NV 89502 Phone: 775-284-2761 Number of clients served: 500 over 15 months 140 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Washoe County https://www.washoecou Children, Victims of       Info Department of nty.us/juvenilesvs/index.           juvenile offenders Juvenile Services php Location: 650 Ferrari-McLeod Blvd., Reno, NV 89512 Phone: 775-325-7800 A victim services coordinator assists individuals that have been victims of juvenile offenders. Other services to youth include detention, traffic court, probation services and work programs. Number of clients served: 874 children in child protective care outside of home in 2014 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Washoe County https://www.washoe Victims, Adult Men and         Casework       2017 Department of county.us/socsrv/               Women, Children Social Services Location: 1001 E. Ninth Street, Building C, Room 135-C, Reno, NV 89512 Phone: 775-328-2700 Information on How to Apply: Must either be contacted with the information provided or is referred by the proper institution Number of clients served: 874 children in child protective care outside of home in 2014 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Washoe County https://www.washoecounty. Victims of        Info, Legal      2017 DA Victim Services us/juvenilesvs/Youth_and_Fa            juvenile crime milies/Victims.php Location: Mills B. Lane Justice Center, 1 South Sierra Street, South Tower, 4th Floor, Reno, NV, 89501 Phone: 775-325-7875 or 775-328-3200 Program Information: The Victim Witness Assistance Center (VWAC) is supervised by Michelle Bays. This part of the District Attorney's Office provides logistical and moral support to crime victims. Additionally, the Center makes referrals to community resources and assists victims in obtaining counseling and other assistance in times of need. Number of clients served: Unknown 141 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Washoe County Sheriff’s Advocate om/sub.php?page=domestic- violence-victim-information sexual assault or stalking victims Casework http://www.washoesheriff.c              Domestic violence,         Info,       2017 Location: Washoe County Sheriff's Office, 911 Parr Blvd., Reno, NV 89512 Phone: 775-328-3001 Phone: 775-325-6454 Number of clients served: Unknown Washoe County http://www.washoelegalser Domestic violence         Legal       2017 Legal Services vices.org/index.php/domesti              victims Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding c-violence Location: 299 South Arlington Ave, Reno, NV 89501 Phone: 775-329-2727 Program Description: Washoe County Legal Services provides assistant with protection orders, terminating leases due to domestic violence, and family law issues. Clinics and individual services are provided. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Westcare    https://www.westcare.com/pag Adults and youth Crisis, Info, e/where-we-serve_NV_01a                     Casework, Therapy Locations: Community Involvement Center – Las Vegas Campus, 323 North Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89101; Las Vegas Community Triage Center, 930 N. 4th Street, Las Vegas, NV 89101 Phone: 702-385-3330 Hotline: 702-385-3332 Community Involvement Center – Pahrump Campus, 1161 S. Loop Road, Ste. B., Pahrump, NV 89048 Phone: 775-751-6990 Reno Community Triage Center, 315 Record Street, #103, Reno, NV 89502 Phone: 775-348-8811 Program Information: Nevada Westcare programs for adolescents include a crisis hotline, emergency shelter and detoxification in Las Vegas (does intakes 24 hours a day), outpatient 142 substance abuse in Las Vegas and Pahrump, residential substance abuse treatment facilities and transitional living in Las Vegas. Community triage centers for detoxification are located in Las Vegas and Reno. www.winnemucc Domestic violence Crisis,  2017 Violence Services (WDVS) advs.org        victims and their  Therapy Winnemucca Domestic Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding children Location: 50 Melarkey Street, Suite A, Winnemucca, NV 89445 Phone: 775-625-1313 Hotline: 775-421-1028 Crisis Call Center: 1-800-273-8255 Email: info@winnemuccadvs.org Program Information: Domestic Violence Services, Shelter, Community Agency Referrals, Survivors Support Group, Youth Workshops, and Parent Resources Winnemucca Domestic Violence Services (WDVS) serves victims and families of domestic violence. An estimated 300 individuals have received counseling services at WDVS. WDVS primarily serves women and children. In addition to serving women, WDVS also provides services to male victims of domestic violence. Secondary victims of domestic violence are eligible to receive services at WDVS as well. Individuals may be referred to WDVS or can contact the organization by phone. Walk-ins are accepted as well. To receive services at WDVS, individuals must meet the organization’s mission and complete an intake process. Individual Therapy Winnemucca Domestic Violence Services (WDVS) provides referrals for individual therapy to licensed professionals. WDVS will pay for two sessions of individual therapy. If further counseling is needed, WDVS an attempt will first be made to utilize the client’s insurance or Medicaid. In the case that the client does not have access to insurance, WDVS may be able to pay for clients’ therapy sessions on a case-by-case basis. Survivors of Abuse Support Group WDVS offers a free support group for survivors of abuse every first and third Tuesday of the month from 6:00PM to 8:00PM. Adult women ages eighteen and older are eligible to participate in the group. Babysitting services are also provided free of charge for the duration of the support group session for participants. A licensed therapist facilitates the support group. WDVS considered hosting a men’s support group, but concluded that there were not enough clients to hold a regular group. Men seeking counseling are referred to individual therapy, where WDVS can pay for two sessions. Number of clients served: Unknown 143 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding request unfunded Youth Advocacy Program      http://www.yapi Youth involved in Info,       VOCA nc.org/nevada             the juvenile justice      Casework system, human trafficking Location: 2535 W. Cheyenne Avenue, Suite 102, North Las Vegas, NV 89032 Phone: 702-631-9275 Program Description: Youth Advocate Program provides wraparound planning, mentoring and positive youth development for victims of human trafficking in Las Vegas. YAP has been providing alternatives to detention for youth in the U.S. for 40 years, and in Las Vegas for over 10 years. Number of clients served: Unknown 144 Appendix C – Additional Providers Who May Serve Victims Access to www.accesstohealthcare.org Adult Men Basic needs Healthcare Network Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding and Women, 4001 S. Virginia Street, Suite F Reno, NV 89502 775-284-8989 Information on How to Apply: A nonprofit helping uninsured Nevadans meet their health care needs with discounted rates for medical services. Within 2 business days of submitting your application, a Health Resource Specialist will contact you. Number of clients served: Over 200,000 Nevadans Therapy Therapy Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Elderly Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services com American         http://www.accsnv. Comprehensive Counseling Services Locations: 860 Tyler Way, Sparks, NV 89431 Phone: 775-356-2896 620 East Plumb Lane, Reno, NV Phone: 775-337-6644 603 East Robinson Street, Carson City, NV 89701 Phone: 775-883-4325 Battle Mountain Mental Health Location: 10 East 6th Street, Battle Mountain, NV 89820 Phone: 775-635-5753 Name Website Victims Served Types of Prevention & Education VOCA funding Services Bristlecone           www.bristlecone             Drug addiction          Counseling, Family reno.com Resources Outreach 145 1725 S. McCarren Blvd. Reno, NV 775-954-1400  Comprehensive addiction and mental health wellness in-patient/out-patient treatment, recovery and prevention services in Northern Nevada. 704 Mill Street, Reno, NV 89502 Link to latest (2011) annual report is not functional Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services www.carechest.org              Adult Men and           Basic Needs Women, Elderly, CARE Chest of Northern Nevada Children Annual Report: http://carechest.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/CARE-Chest- Annual-Report-2015.pdf 7910 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 775-829-2273 Information on Program: Provides medical supplies to low-income individuals whom are uninsured or underinsured Number of clients served: 127,000 clients over 25 years Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Carson City http://www.cccofca Therapy Community rsoncity.org Counseling Center Location: 205 S. Pratt Ave., Carson City, NV 89701 Phone: 775-882-3945 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services http://www.carson Therapy tahoe.com/behavior al-health-services Carson Tahoe Health – Outpatient Behavioral Health Location: 775 Fleischmann Way, Carson City, NV 89703 Phone: 775-445-8000 Name Website Victims Served women Types of Services Needs, VOCA funding Casa de Vida           www.casadevidar              Young, pregnant Housing, Basic 1290 Mill St. Reno, NV 775-329-1070 eno.org Counseling, 146  Provides young pregnant female residents with a safe home, caring staff, 24-hour supervision and assistance, nutritious meals, pregnancy and childbirth education, and social service assistance. The House of Hope is a six-month residential/transitional housing program for new mothers and their infants (age six months and younger at the time of program entry). Application packet: http://www.casadevidareno.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/07/Application_packet.doc Baby’s Closet-Casa de Vida (include in above) 1290 Mill St. Reno, NV 89502 775-329-1070 Shop the boutique (baby clothes & supplies) for FREE every three months. Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday 10AM - 3PM Closed: 11:30AM-12:30PM Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services families Christmas Cheer https://www.yel               Low income         Basic Needs Food Closet p.com/biz/christ 1120 Third St. So. Lake Tahoe, CA 530-542-4934 mas-cheer-south- lake-tahoe Provides nutritious food year-round to those in need. Open Sundays 2 to 4PM and Monday and Wednesdays 11AM-2PM Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding and Women, needs Clark County http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/social-     Adult Men   Basic Department service/Pages/default.aspx of Social Services      Children 1600 Pinto Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106 702-445-4270 Information on How to Apply: Must either be contacted with the information provided or is referred by the proper institution. Number of clients served: Unknown 147 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services children Counseling Community www.csareno.org             Men, women and         Housing, Service Agency (CSA) 1090 E. 8th St. Reno, NV 775-786-6023 Fax: (775) 786-5743 Head Start (free preschool), parenting classes, weatherization—reduce utility costs, NV Energy payment assistance, Employment Assistance and training, Free Income Tax Preparation, affordable housing Affordable housing list: http://www.csareno.org/housing-services/ Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of Services VOCA funding and/or families Counseling, Prevention & Education Outreach, Consolidated http://www.ca      Individuals   Shelters, Advocacy, Agencies of Human hsnv.org/ Services (CAHS) Basic Needs 701 E Street, Hawthorne, NV, 89415 Office: 775.945.2471 Hotline: 775.945.2434 ● Mineral ● Nye ● Esmeralda Assists low-income families with referrals, information, emergency services, emergency prescription services, food, emergency rental, utility and/or transportation on a short-term basis. * HUD Assisted Housing, WIC, Family-To-Family Agency, Family Resource Center, Food Pantry, USDA Commodity, and Case management On Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Consolidated-Agencies-of-Human- Services-CAHS/207415946030224 Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Desert Rose Counseling Rose-Counseling-Group- 503021176553495/ & Women, Families https://www.facebook.com/Desert-            Adult Men          Therapy 148 Location: 4344 West Cheyenne Ave, North Las Vegas, NV 89032-2484 Phone: 702-715-1182 or 702-430-0745 Program Information: Provides interaction and relationships between individuals and their families, communities and natural environments. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Served Services funding Victims Types of VOCA eebly.com/history.html Casework Innovative Concept http://innovativeconcept.w Adults         Info, Transitional Housing Location: N/A Phone: 702-689-1508 Program Information: Prevent mothers from remaining in abusive relationships, children being abused and decreasing the statistics of women committing crime. Help youth offenders gain the stability by educating women, youth and families, training for employment through our two-year program. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA Services funding Women, Young Adults Crisis Pregnancy https://crisispregnancy             Adult Men and       Basic Needs Center reno.com/ The Pregnancy Center Crisis Pregnancy Center 853 Haskell St., Reno, NV 89509 775-826-5144 The Pregnancy Center 975 Ryland St. Ste 105, Reno, NV 775-982-5640 Information on Programs: FREE Pregnancy tests, educational program for first time moms, baby supplies provided for clients. Provides OB (prenatal) care to underinsured, uninsured women in Northern NV. (You do not need to be a citizen to receive care) Education & Employment Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Family Resource                      Families, Children              Info Centers Address: ● North Valleys- 10500 Stead Boulevard, Reno, NV 89506 ● Sun Valley - 115 West 6th Avenue, Sun Valley, NV 89433 149  ● Sparks- 923 12th Street, Sparks, NV 89431 ● Central Reno- 1950 Villanova Drive, Reno, NV 89502 Phone Number: ● North Valleys – (775) 677-5437 ● Sun Valley – (775) 674-4411 ● Sparks - (775) 353-5733 ● Central Reno - (775) 786-5809 Information on Programs: Family advocacy/support, translation services, parenting classes, community referrals, employment info & job training, Family to Family Connection Play Groups, child development classes, etc. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Friar’s Food          http://www.stac Food-insecure            Basic Needs Pantry athedral.com/                   individuals St. Thomas Aquinas Cathedral 310 West 2nd St., Reno, NV 89503 775-329-2571 ext. 111 Food Distribution is only two days per month (call for dates) 1PM-2:30PM ID and proof of residence is required to receive assistance Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Good Shepherd’s http://www.gscc Men, women and Basic Needs Clothes Closet reno.org/ children 335 Record St., Reno, NV 775-348-0605 Open Monday-Friday, 10:30-3:30PM for men’s, women’s and children’s clothing: must pick up voucher from St. Vincent’s Additional Notes: Clients may “shop” once every 30 days and must present a voucher, which are typically distributed by 170 different agencies based on assessment of need. Number of clients served: 29,818 in 2013 Victims Name Website VOCA funding Served   Services Types of HAWC Main http://www.hawcinc.org/ Adult Men and              Medical Clinic https://www.chanevada.o Women, rg/about-us/programs/ Children Location: 1055 South Wells Ave, Reno, NV 150  Phone: 775-329-6300 Program Information: Federally Qualified Health Center, Medical and dental care, on- site pharmacy, pediatrics, women’s health, birth control & behavioral health Additional Information: Annual Report: https://www.chanevada.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/CHA-Annual-Report-FY-13_14.pdf Number of clients served: Over 120,000 their first year, after that it is unknown. Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Hope Link of http://link2hope.org/programs      Families   Casework Southern Nevada Location: 178 Westminster Way, Henderson, NV 89015 Phone: 702-566-0576 Program Information: HopeLink of Southern Nevada's mission is to build a better community by preventing homelessness, keeping families intact, and promoting self- sufficiency. Number of clients served: 7,000 clients in 2012-2013 Name Website Victims Types of VOCA funding Served Services The Life         http://www.tlccreno.org/      Adult Men and Outreach, Change Center           Women               Counseling 1755 Sullivan Lane, Sparks, NV 89431 775-355-7734 Information on How to Apply: Medication dispensation/counseling: 6AM-1PM (Mon-Fri), Saturday 6AM-8AM Treatment cost: $9-$11 per day Treatment for opiate dependence thru medically assisted treatments & counseling Number of clients served: Unknown; 65% success rate Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Nevada 2-1-1          http://www.neva Men, women and            Information Only da211.org/                   children Simply dialing 2-1-1, or 1-866-535-5654 will connect an individual to provide information in regards to health, human, and social service organizations. Annual Report: http://www.nevada211.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Nevada-2-1-1- Annual-Report-FY16-Website.pdf Number of clients served: 113,561 151  Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Northern www.nndental.org     Adult Men and   Basic Needs Nevada Dental Women, Children Health Program 6770 S. McCarran Blvd, Ste. 102, Reno, NV 775-770-6609 Information on Programs: Offers low-cost dental care to qualified children. Parents must provide current pay stub or W2, completed application, copy of Medicaid or NV checkup ID or denial letter. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Northern www.nnhopes.org Adult Men and Medical Nevada HOPES Women, Elderly, Children Annual Report: https://issuu.com/nnhopes/docs/nnh_annual_report_2015_web_1c5ca347447f58 580 W. 5th St. Reno, NV 775-348-2893 For social services call: 775-348-2896 Information on Program: Whether you have great insurance coverage or none at all, HOPES is here to serve you. Medical and Dental care, women’s health care, HIV testing, pharmacy, counseling, nutrition, food pantry, housing/utility ad transportation assistance...if funding is available. Number of clients served: 4,772 Total Patients (2015); 40,691 Patient Visits Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Project MANA www.projectman Men, women and         Basic Needs (Making a.org               children Adequate Nutrition Accessible) 984 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 775-298-0008 Meals on Wheels operated by Washoe County Senior Social Services. Delivers meals to homebound seniors 60+, $2.00 donation requested Project MANA (Making Adequate Nutrition Accessible) hunger relief organization serving the North and West Shores of Lake Tahoe and Truckee. 152 1155 E. 9th St. Reno, NV 775-328-2575 Number of clients served: Approximately 5,000 FY 2013-1014 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Housing, Basic Needs, Prevention & Education ReStart Nevada www.restartreno. Families, seniors,   Counseling, org      those with disabilities Outreach 335 Record Street, #155, Reno, NV 89512 Main: 775-324-2622 Fax: 775-324-0446 ReStart is an umbrella organization offering a myriad of professional services for families, seniors and people with disabilities. All of our programs are designed to reduce and prevent homelessness, increase self-sufficiency and stabilize individuals and families to build a secure and stable future. Number of clients served: Unknown Reno Housing           www.renoha.org            Individuals with          Housing Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services low or moderate income; Unemployed Authority 1525 East 9th St., Reno, NV 775-329-3630 individuals Provides Section 8 vouchers for renting units from private landlords. Public housing also available tddy: 775.331.5138 ext. 204 Number of clients served: Unknown SafeLink www.safelinkwir Low-income     Other Wireless eless.com          individuals 1-800-723-3546 250 FREE minutes every month. Meet eligibility guidelines: receive Food Stamps, Medicaid, SSI, TANF, LIHEAP, receive free school lunch, Section 8 Housing, or low gross monthly income. Cell phone offers: voicemail, text, three-way calling, call waiting, caller ID and access to 911. Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services 153 Additional Notes: To qualify, must have income at or below 135% of federal poverty guidelines, or be participating in one of several assistance programs. Number of clients served: Unknown St. Vincent’s www.catholiccha Men, women and     Basic Needs, Residence ritiesnorthernnev children Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Housing 500 E. Fourth Street, Reno, NV 89512 (775) 322-7073 ada.org We do this through a broad range of services, including helping people with food resources, affordable housing, clothing, and other basic needs. In 2015, we provided more than 500,000 direct human needs services to people throughout Northern Nevada. Number of clients served: 10 finalized adoptions (2014) 12,000 for basic needs as part of St. Vincent’s Resource Network (2014) 152,179 in the St. Vincent’s Food Pantry (2014) 154,000 in the Dining Room Program (2014) 959 in the Immigration Assistance Program (2014) 10,368 at the mobile clinic “Kids to Seniors Korner Program” (2014) St. Vincent’s Food Pantry & Dining Room 500 E. 4th St., Reno, NV (corner of 4th & Valley) 775-786-5266 Food pantry open year-round 9AM-6PM, Monday-Saturday Lunch served in the dining room between 11:30AM-12:20PM St. Vincent’s Thrift Shop 500 E. 4th St., Reno, NV 775-322-9824 Clothing vouchers offered Monday-Thursday, 8:30AM-11AM for women and children Call: 775-322-7073 ext. #221 or #230 for additional assistance from CCNN Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding Sheriff Civil Division, Clark County ff-civil/Pages/stalking.aspx http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/sheri            Public          Info Harassment / Stalking Victim Info. 702-671-3165 154 The office provides information on applying for a harassment/stalking order against someone who is not in a domestic relationship with the victim. Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Spirit Filled http://www.spiri                  Men and women           Basic Needs Church tfilledchurch.org/ 3175 Goldy Way Sparks, NV 775-358-2842 Every day, we serve breakfast and dinner to any woman off the streets, and feed dinner to about 60 men each night. Also, has a community pantry. Food pantry opens every third Tuesday 10AM-noon. Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Women, Children Student           http://med.unr.edu/soc            Adult Men and          Basic Needs Outreach Clinic- UNR School of Located near the Salvation Army Offices on Oddie Blvd, Reno, NV 775-682-8646 Information on Program: Primary care provided free of charge by supervised medical students. Patients who are medically indigent can receive health care, screening, diagnosis and some treatments, in addition to referrals. Medicine Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Types of VOCA Served Services funding and Women TMCC Dental http://www.tmcc.edu/dental-               Adult Men          Basic needs Hygiene hygiene/dental-hygiene-clinic- Program information/ 7000 Dandini Blvd. RDMT 415-A, Reno, NV 775-673-8247 Information on Programs: Treatment will be performed by a student and will be supervised by a dentist and dental hygiene faculty. Provide: X-rays, oral cancer screenings, and dental cleanings. Number of clients served: Unknown 155 Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Counseling Volunteers of America Women’s Shelter www.voa- Men, women and Housing, sac.org/Our- children Services/Norther n-Nevada- Services Phone: (775) 560-6888 or 775-329-4145 sisham@voa-nv.org 315 Record St., Reno, NV 89501 Volunteers of America/Re Start operated shelters at the City of Reno's Community Assistance Center in downtown Reno and includes a 50-bed Women's Shelter. Additional Notes: Men’s shelter, women’s shelter, family shelter, and mental health support centers available Number of clients served: Unknown Name Website Victims Served Types of VOCA funding Services Washoe Legal http://www.was              Men and women          Legal Services Services hoelegalservices. org/ 299 South Arlington Avenue, Reno, Nevada 89501 775-329-2727 775-324-5509 Washoe Legal Services provides free, quality legal services and representation to qualified residents to enable them to receive justice in civil legal matters involving human needs and self-sufficiency. Washoe Legal Services also recruits attorneys to provide pro bono services to address unmet legal needs in the community. Client Online Intake Application: https://apps.kempscaseworks.com/washoeintake/ New Client Intake Form: http://www.washoelegalservices.org/images/pdf/wls%20intake%20form.pdf Number of clients served: Unknown Additional Notes: 156 Appendix D - Additional Organizations that Applied for VOCA Funding in FY 2017 • OED Inc. for reporting system Funded • Nevada Courts for unspecified specialty court, Carson City http://nvcourts.gov/AOC/Programs_and_Services/Specialty_Courts/Overview/ East Valley Family Services, Clark County Unfunded Applicants from VOCA 2017 http://eastvalleyfamilyservices.org Foundation for Positively Kids, Clark County, healthcare services https://positivelykids.org Immigrant Justice Initiative, Clark County, legal support for immigrants http://www.ijinevada.org Nye County Sherriff’s Office, Nye County http://www.nyecountysheriffsoffice.com Quest Counseling, Washoe County, substance abuse counseling and residence http://questreno.com/ Ridge House, Washoe County, substance abuse counseling and housing http://www.ridgehouse.org Society of Associated Leaders, safe rides for children http://www.ridesafelywithsal.org Southern Nevada Children First, Clark County, provides housing and advocacy to youth at risk of homelessness http://www.childrenfirst-nv.org Southern Nevada Regional Housing Authority, Clark County, public housing authority http://www.snvrha.org Specialized Alternatives for Family and Youth (SAFY), Clark County, provide services, support and therapeutic foster care for children in the foster system http://safy.org Washoe County School District, Washoe County http://www.washoeschools.net 157  Appendix E. Example of Marsy’s Card – California 158 159