Palestine

Mandatory Palestine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the geopolitical entity. For the document granting Britain a mandate over both Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, see Mandate for Palestine. Mandatory Palestine 1920–1948 Flag of Mandatory Palestine Flag Public Seal of Mandatory Palestine Public Seal Mandatory Palestine in 1946 Mandatory Palestine in 1946 Status Mandate of the United Kingdom Capital Jerusalem Common languages English, Arabic, Hebrew Religion Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Baha'i Faith, Druze faith High Commissioner • 1920–1925 (first) Sir Herbert L. Samuel • 1945–1948 (last) Sir Alan G. Cunningham Historical era Interwar period, World War II • Mandate assigned 25 April 1920 • Britain officially assumes control 29 September 1923 • Creation of the state of Israel declared 14 May 1948 Currency Egyptian pound (until 1927) Palestine pound (from 1927) Preceded by Succeeded by Occupied Enemy Territory Administration Israel Jordanian annexation of the West Bank All-Palestine Protectorate Today part of Israel Palestine Part of a series on the History of Israel The Western Wall, Jerusalem Ancient Israel and Judah Prehistory NatufianCanaanIsraelitesUnited monarchyNorthern KingdomKingdom of JudahBabylonian rule Second Temple period (530 BCE–70 CE) Persian ruleHellenistic periodHasmonean dynastyHerodian dynasty KingdomTetrarchyRoman Judea Late Classic (70-636) Roman PalaestinaByzantine Palaestina PrimaSecunda Middle Ages (636–1517) Caliphates FilastinUrdunnKingdom of JerusalemAyyubid dynastyMamluk Sultanate Modern history (1517–1948) Ottoman rule EyaletMutasarrifateOld YishuvZionismOETABritish mandate Yishuv State of Israel (1948–present) Timeline YearsIndependenceArab–Israeli conflictAusteritySilicon WadiIran–Israel conflict History of the Land of Israel by topic Historical mapsHistorical populationHistorical literatureJudaismJerusalemZionismJewish leadersJewish warfare Related Jewish historyHebrew calendarArchaeologyMuseums Flag of Israel.svg Israel portal vte Part of a series on the History of Palestine Jerusalem-2013(2)-Temple Mount-Dome of the Rock (SE exposure).jpg Prehistory Natufian culturePre-PotteryTahunianGhassulianJericho Ancient history CanaanPhoeniciaAncient Israel and JudahPhilistiaMedian Empire Achaemenid Empire (Yehud Medinata) Classical period SeleucusAntigonusHasmonean dynastyHerodian kingdomProvince of JudeaSyria Palaestina Byzantine Empire (Palaestina Prima / Secunda) Islamic rule Muslim conquest Rashidun (Jund Filastin, Jund al-Urdunn) UmayyadAbbasidFatimidCrusaderAyyubidMamlukOttoman Modern era British MandateAll-PalestineJordanian West BankEgyptian Gaza StripIsraelMilitary GovernorateIsraeli Civil Administration Palestinian Authority (Gaza Strip) State of Palestine Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine portal vte Mandatory Palestine[a][1] (Arabic: فلسطين‎ Filasṭīn; Hebrew: פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א"י) Pālēśtīnā (EY), where "EY" indicates Eretz Yisrael Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the Mandate for Palestine. During the First World War (1914–18), an Arab uprising and the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force under General Edmund Allenby drove the Turks out of the Levant during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.[2] The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence if they revolted against the Ottomans, but the two sides had different interpretations of this agreement, and in the end, the UK and France divided up the area under the Sykes–Picot Agreement—an act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Further complicating the issue was the Balfour Declaration of 1917, promising British support for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine. At the war's end the British and French set up a joint "Occupied Enemy Territory Administration" in what had been Ottoman Syria. The British achieved legitimacy for their continued control by obtaining a mandate from the League of Nations in June 1922. The formal objective of the League of Nations mandate system was to administer parts of the defunct Ottoman Empire, which had been in control of the Middle East since the 16th century, "until such time as they are able to stand alone."[3] During the British Mandate period the area experienced the ascent of two major nationalist movements, one among the Jews and the other among the Palestinian Arabs. The competing national interests of the two populations against each other and against the governing British authorities matured into the Arab Revolt of 1936–1939 and the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine, before culminating in the 1947–1949 Palestine war. This led to the establishment of the 1949 cease-fire agreement, with partition of the former Mandatory Palestine between the newborn state of Israel with a Jewish majority, the Arab West Bank annexed by the Jordanian Kingdom and the Arab All-Palestine Protectorate in the Gaza Strip under Egypt.