Country of Tanzania

Tanzania From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the country in East Africa. For the spider genus, see Tanzania (spider). Coordinates: 6°S 35°E United Republic of Tanzania Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania (Swahili) Flag of Tanzania Flag Coat of arms of Tanzania Coat of arms Motto: "Uhuru na Umoja" (Swahili) "Freedom and Unity" Anthem: "Mungu ibariki Afrika" ("God Bless Africa") MENU0:00 Location of Tanzania Capital Dodoma Largest city Dar es Salaam Official language None (de jure); Swahili and English (de facto)[1] Arabic (Zanzibar) National language Swahili[1] Religion 61.4% Christianity 35.2% Islam 2.0% Traditional faiths 1.4% Others / None[2] Demonym(s) Tanzanian Government Unitary dominant party presidential constitutional republic[3][4][5] • President John Magufuli • Vice-President Samia Hassan Suluhu • Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa • Speaker Job Ndugai • Chief Justice Ibrahim Hamis Juma Legislature National Assembly Independence from the United Kingdom • Tanganyika 9 December 1961 • Unguja and Pemba 10 December 1963 • Merger 26 April 1964 • Current constitution 25 April 1977 Area • Total 947,303 km2 (365,756 sq mi) (31st) • Water (%) 6.4[6] Population • 2018 estimate 56,313,438[7][8] (25th) • 2012 census 44,928,923[9] • Density 47.5/km2 (123.0/sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2019 estimate • Total $186.060 billion • Per capita $3,574[10] GDP (nominal) 2019 estimate • Total $61.032 billion • Per capita $1,172[10] Gini (2012) 37.8[11] medium HDI (2018) Increase 0.528[12] low · 159th Currency Tanzanian shilling (TZS) Time zone UTC+3 (EAT) Driving side left Calling code +255[note 1] ISO 3166 code TZ Internet TLD .tz Revised to $41.33 billion[13] Swahili and English are de facto official languages Tanzania (/ˌtænzəˈniːə/,[14][15][note 2] Swahili: [tanzaˈni.a]), officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania. Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania, such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. The genus Australopithecus ranged all over Africa 4 to 2 million years ago; and the oldest remains of the genus Homo are found near Lake Olduvai. Following the rise of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago, humanity spread all over the Old World, and later in the New World and Australia under the species Homo sapiens. H. sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older archaic species and subspecies of humanity. One of the oldest known ethnic groups still existing, the Hadzabe, appears to have originated in Tanzania, and their oral history recalls ancestors who were tall and were the first to use fire, medicine, and lived in caves, much like Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis who lived in the same region before them. Later in the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia;[16] Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago;[16] and the Southern Nilotes, including the Datoog, who originated from the present-day South Sudan–Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago.[16]:page 18 These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas. They subsequently migrated across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago.[16][17] German rule began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa. This was followed by British rule after World War I. The mainland was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.[18] The countries had joined the British Commonwealth in 1961 and Tanzania is still a member of the Commonwealth as one republic.[19] The United Nations estimated Tanzania's 2018 population at 56.31 million, which is slightly smaller than South Africa, making it the second most populous country located entirely south of the Equator.[7][8] The population is composed of about 120 ethnic,[20] linguistic, and religious groups. The sovereign state of Tanzania is a presidential constitutional republic and since 1996 its official capital city has been Dodoma where the president's office, the National Assembly, and some government ministries are located.[21] Dar es Salaam, the former capital, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre.[18][22][23] Tanzania is a de facto one-party state with the democratic socialist Chama Cha Mapinduzi party in power. Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located. Three of Africa's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. To the south lies Lake Malawi. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area. The Kalambo Falls, located on the Kalambo River at the Zambian border, is the second highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa.[24] Christianity is the largest religion in Tanzania, but there are also substantial Muslim and Animist minorities.[25] Over 100 different languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa.[26] The country does not have a de jure official language,[27] although the national language is Swahili.[28] Swahili is used in parliamentary debate, in the lower courts, and as a medium of instruction in primary school. English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education,[26] although the Tanzanian government is planning to discontinue English as the primary language of instruction but it will be available as an optional course.[29] Approximately 10 per cent of Tanzanians speak Swahili as a first language, and up to 90 per cent speak it as a second language.[26]