Daniel Keith Ludwig

The son of a Michigan real-estate man, Mr. Ludwig was best known in his later years for his unsuccessful billion-dollar development project in a Brazilian jungle enclave the size of Connecticut. In 1982 he made arrangements to give it up after problems that included Brazilian nationalism and bureaucracy and his own volatile executive style. Mr. Baker said Mr. Ludwig retained no land holdings in Brazil at the time of his death. In the early 1970's he gave "substantially all" of his foreign assets to the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Zurich. Mr. Ludwig was divorced in 1937 from his first wife, Gladys Madeline Ludwig, after 9 years of marriage, a biographer of Mr. Ludwig, Jerry Shields, wrote in a 1986 book, "The Invisible Billionaire: Daniel Ludwig." Mr. Ludwig married his second wife later in 1937. Mr. Ludwig's executor, Mr. Baker, said the businessman's only survivor was his wife -Gertrude Virginia Ludwig. Mr. Baker said a daughter, Patricia Ludwig, was born to Mr. Ludwig's first wife during the marriage and survives, but that Mr. Ludwig did not acknowledge her as his child.